A 
■  OMPLETE  MANUAL 

OF 

PHONOGRAPHY 


BY 

W.  D.  KNIGHT. 


/ 


THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 

OF  CALIFORNIA 

LOS  ANGELES 


Cn^- 


^: 


'.:2L- 


<A> 


\    "X^ih 


'^  f  n^ 


Digitized  by  tine  Internet  Arcliive 

in  2007  witli  funding  from 

IVIicrosoft  Corporation 


littp://www.arcliive.org/details/completemanualofOOknigiala 


COMPLETE  MANUAL 

OF 

PHONOGRAPHY 

(PITMANIC) 

BY  THE  SENTENCE  METHOD 

For  Use  in  Schooi^s  and  Coli^eges 

AND     FOR 

SELF-INSTRUCTION 


BY 

^villiam:  d.  knight 

1  O  O  5 


PRESS   OF 

Franklin  Hudson  Publishing  Co. 
kansas  city,  mo. 


Copyrighted  December  19,  1905 
Bt  WILLIAM  D.  KNIGHT 


K74 


INTRODUCTION. 

In  presenting  this  work  to  the  public  I  do  not 
claim  to  introduce  any  new  system  of  Shorthand ; 
but  that  of  Isaac  Pitman,  revised  and  simplified 
by  a  few  omissions,  alterations,  and  additions, 
which  years  of  experience  have  proven  to  be  not 
only  practical,  but  important. 

The  "Sentence  Method,"   employed  by  the 

school  instructors  in  teaching  their  pupils  to  read 

and  write,  has  been  applied  with  equal  advantage 

to  Shorthand.     By  the  "Sentence  Method,"  as 

herein  set  forth,  the  student  does  not  begin  with 

e/>    a  formidable  array  of  disconnected  signs,  but  with 

ti    word  outlines  and  easy  sentences,  from  the  prac- 

tice  of  which  he  gains  a  thorough  mastery  of  the 

«5    phonographic  characters. 

g  In  the  first  lesson  only  the  Consonants  are 

3    presented,  which  are  divided  into  three  groups: 
First,  the  Straight  Consonants  and  their  employ- 
ment in  representing  words  of  this  class ;  then  the 
^    Curved  Consonants  are  presented  and  treated  in 
"     the  same  way,  and  so  on  with  all  the  principles; 
z     thus  bringing  all  the  entire  system  before  the 
*     student  by  degrees,  whereby  Phonography  can 
be  learned  much  more  readily,  as  has  been  fully 
demonstrated  by  years  of  experience  in  teaching 
y    in  high  schools  and  colleges. 
E  The  shorthand   sentences  in   this  work  are 

p  carefully  graded,  so  that  the  student  writes  every 
outline  as  an  expert  would  write  it.  He  practices 
reporting  from  the  start;  he  learns  nothing  that 
he  will  have  to  unlearn. 

Phonography,  as  herein  presented,  can  be 
mastered  in  one-third  less  time  than  by  any  other 
method  heretofore  presented. 

The  Author. 


449592 


4  Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 

CONTENTS. 

Part  I.  Page. 

Directions  to  the  Student, 7 

Table  of  Consonants, 8 

Vowels  and  Diphthongs, 9 

Straight  Consonants, 10 

Straight  Consonant  IvOgograms, 11 

Curved  Consonants, 13 

Curved  Consonant  Logograms, 14 

Double  Consonants  and  Logograms,     ....15 

Vowel  Logograms,  Punctuation, 16 

Joined  Consonants,      18 

Writing  in  Position, 20 

Vocalization  and  Phrasing, 22 

Circles  and  Loops, 23,  24 

Circled  and  Looped  Logograms, 26 

When  to  Use  Stroke  S  and  ST  Loop,     ....  28 

Initial  Hooks, 30 

Hooked  Logograms, 31 

Upward  and  Downward  L  and  R, 35 

Vocalization, 39 

Final  Hooks, 41 

Finally  Hooked  Logograms, 48 

The  Halving  Principle, 50 

Half-length  Logograms,      53 

The  Aspirate  H, 55 

Double-length  Principle, 58 

Double-length  Logograms, 59 

The  Prefixes, 62 

The  Suffixes, 64 

Contractions,            68 

Punctuation,  Etc., 75 

Phraseography, 76 

Method  of  Practice, 80 

Remarks, 87 

Speed  Practice, 88 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography.  5 

CONTENTS. 

Part  II.  Page. 

Writing  in  Position, 90 

Resume  of  the  Logograms, 91 

Positive  and  Negative  Words, 97 

Omission  of  Con  and  Com  Prefixes, 98 

Representation  of  Figures, 100 

Business  Phrases  and  Contractions, 104 

Forty-six  Principal  Cities, 108 

Forty-six  States  and  Territories, 109 

Business  Correspondence, no 

Key  to  Business  Correspondence,      118 

Reporting  Contractions,      127 

What  Am  I  to  Do  Now? 134 

Phrasing 135 

Advanced  Phraseography,      136 

Intersected  Words, 145 

Miscellaneous  Interserted  Phrases, 146 

Law  Phrases, 148 

Legal  Forms, 151 

Legal  Correspondence, 153 

Suggestions,  Actual  Court  Work,  .    .  .    .157 

Court  Testimony, 161 

Reporting  Practice, 1 69 

Business  and  Technical  Words, 175 

Index, 186-186 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography.  7 

PART  I. 
Directions  to  the  Student. 

The  art  of  Phonography  may  be  easily  ac- 
quired. Experience  has  shown  that  its  principles 
are  mastered  by  most  learners  in  a  short  time,  and 
that  an  hour's  daily  practice  in  reading  and  writ- 
ing for  three  or  four  months  wdll  enable  the  stu- 
dent to  write  at  a  fair  rate  of  speed.  Swift  w  riting 
comes  only  by  regular  and  continued  practice. 

Phonography  is  best  written  on  ruled  paper. 
Either  pen  or  pencil  may  be  used,  but  the  pencil 
is  recommended  for  writing  the  exercises  and  for 
ordinary  reporting;  but  the  writer  should  accus- 
tom himself  to  write  with  a  pen,  for  in  some  in- 
stances it  will  be  necessary  for  him  to  do  so. 

The  student  should  not  try  to  write  the  short- 
hand characters  rapidly  at  the  outset,  and  he 
must  guard  himself  against  making  them  too 
large  or  too  small;  make  them  as  near  the  size 
they  are  in  the  Instructor  as  possible. 

The  student  should  bear  in  mind  that  he  is 
learning  to  write  by  "sound,"  and  should  accus- 
tom himself  to  make  a  mental  analysis  of  the 
consonant  and  vowel  sounds  which  compose  the 
word  that  he  wishes  to  write  in  shorthand. 

The  recognized  number  of  sounds  in  all  pho- 
netic Shorthand  is  forty-one — twenty-four  conso- 
nants, twelve  vowels,  and  five  diphthongs.  The 
consonants  are  represented  by  straight  and 
curved  lines,  the  vowels  by  dots  and  dashes,  and 
the  diphthongs  by  angular  marks. 

In  Phonography  no  silent  letters  are  used. 
The  light  sounds  are  represented  by  light  lines 
and  the  hard  sounds  by  shaded  lines;  and  in 
writing  we  use  only  the  letters  that  sound ;  thus, 
"know"  is  written  the  same  as  "no";  "cent"  the 
same  as  "sent." 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 


Consonants. 


Name. 

Sound.  1 

p 

\     pec  as  in  hope. 

H 

\    bee 

'       lo6e. 

T 

1    tee 

'     mate. 

D 

1    dee 

'    made. 

CH 

/  chay 

"    choke. 

J 

/  jay 

'  James. 

K 

—.kay 

'    raafee. 

G 

gay 

'     game. 

R 

^  ray 

'      mys. 

W 

c/  way 

'     wave. 

Y 

o    yea     ' 

'       Kale. 

H 

/    aitch 

'       high. 

H 

0    hay 

'  '   hate. 

Name.       Sound 
F     I      ef      as  in    sa/e 

V     I      vee 

Th    (    ith 

TH  (    thee 

S       ^    ess 

Z       )    zee 

SH_^  ish 

ZH_^  zhee 

R    "^  ar 


M    ^ — >,  em 
N    v._yen 
NGVwf^ing 
L     /^el 


waT^e. 
"  wreath. 
"  soothe. 
"  .real. 
"  zeal 
"  wish. 
"  azure. 
"  farm. 
"  the?;/. 
"  name. 
"  thin<7. 
iell 


Double  Consonants 
Name.  Sound. 

WH  c/whay  as  in  where. 
QU  C— quay      "       queer. 


GU  r  guav  "  an^wish. 
MP)  emp  "  hemp. 
MB)'''^emb       "  em6alm. 


Name.         Sound. 
/^  WI/    wel    as  in  WesHi. 

^WHLwhel     "      whelp. 

^  LR     ler        "       ieeler. 

"^  RR    rer        "        sorer. 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography^  '         9 

VoWEIvS.  ♦  //^ 


hong. 


Short. 


I  Position, 

•ah. 

-aw. 

I  Position, 

a,            o. 

as  in 

pa. 

law. 

as  in 

lad,      odd. 

2  Position, 

.a, 

-o. 

2  Position, 

.e,           -u. 

as  in 

take, 

pole. 

as  in 

met,      nut. 

3  Position, 

.e, 

-oo. 

3  Position, 

.i,          -oo. 

as  in 

eat, 

pool. 

as  in 

bit,     good. 

Diphthongs. 

I  Position, 

\'l, 

>0I. 

3  Position, 

AOW,  nU. 

as  in 

fire. 

boil. 

as  in 

fowl,     due. 

When  W  or  Y  is  followed  by  a  vowel,  a  diph- 
thong is  formed,  which  is  represented  by  a  small 
semi-circle.  The  W  series  open  to  the  right  and 
left  and  the  Y  series  open  to  the  top  and  bottom. 

These  signs  may  be  joined  to  the  consonants 
initially,  but  must  be  so  joined  as  to  form  an 
angle  with  the  stroke,  otherwise  the  stroke  w  or  y 
must  be  written. 


DissYi,i,ABic  Diphthongs. 

When  two  accented  vowels  come  together,  a 
dissyllabic  diphthong  is  formed,  which  is  repre- 
sented by  angular  marks,  opening  to  the  right  and 
left  and  inclined  upward,  and  written  in  the  posi- 
tion of  the  simple  vowels,  and  form  a  series. 


^1 


^1 


^ 


-7[ 


-/: 


-^l    ?^ 


ah-i,      a-i,        ee-i,      aw-i,      oh-i,      oo-i. 


10  Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 

Straight  Consonants, 

1 .  Ray,  way,  yea,  and  hay  are  always  writ- 
ten up;  all  of  the  other  straight  consonants  are 
always  written  down,  except  k  and  g,  which  are 
written  from  left  to  right.  Do  not  call  gay  g; 
there  is  no  g  in  Shorthand.  Gay  represents  the 
hard  sound  of  g,  as  in  game,  gone,  egg,  etc,  J 
represents  the  soft  sound  of  g,  as  in  age,  gem,  etc. 
Do  not  call  chay  c-h,  way  w,  or  yea  y,  but  give 
them  their  respective  phonetic  sounds. 

2.  Ray  is  distinguished  from  chay,  when 
standing  alone,  by  the  angle;  ray  slopes  a  little 
from  the  parallel  and  chay  a  little  from  the  per- 
pendicular. Ray  is  made  up  and  chay  is  made 
down. 

Copy  the  following  shorthand  characters, 
placing  the  longhand  letters  after  each,  until  you 
are  perfectly  familiar  with  the  individual  appear- 
ance of  each  character;  then  write  the  shorthand 
characters  only,  where  there  are  typed  letters. 
Exercise  I. 

\\  \\  //^  -^^^^ 

/I  ^  I  ^  ,y  ^  /  ?  x\  A 
/  .^  ^  ?  y  /  \\  .^  /  /? 

\  /  I  /_  y—K  \  .xl/ 

P,  t,  b,  d,  ch,  j,  k,  g,  r,  w,  y,  h  (up),  h  (down). 
B,  r,  p,  ch,  j,  y,  t,  k,  b,  d,  h,  w,  k,  ch,  h,  t, 
T,  ch,  j,  y,  .g,  b,  k,  p,  t,  d,  h,  w,  ch,  b,  t,  h. 
D,  w,  h,  k,  p,  h,  r,  w,  b,  t,  y,  ch,  d,  b,  h,  ch. 
Ch,  d,  b,  g,   r,  t,  y,  h,  k,  p,  b,  K  t,  ch,  d,  p. 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography 


11 


Logograms. 

3.  Frequently  occurring  words  are  expressed 
in  Shorthand  by  one  of  their  characters;  these 
characters^  are  called  logograms,  or  word-signs. 
Logograms  are^  written  in  position  according  to' 
their  accented  vowel  sound .  Words  containing 
the  vowel  sound  of  ah,  aw,  a,  o,  I,  or  oi  are  writ- 
ten above  the  line ;  those  containing  a,  o,  e,  or  u 
are  written  on  the  line ;  those  containing  e,  1,  00, 
ow,  or  u  are  written  through  the  line.  Excep- 
tions: First,  those  which,  in  their  proper  posi- 
tion,' would  clash  with  other  words;  second,  those 
of  frequent  occurrence,  written  on  the  line  for 
convenience.  Words  marked  (i)  are  written 
above  the  line;  words  marked  (3)  are  written 
through  the  line;  those  not  marked  are  written 
on  the  line.  Where  words  are  printed  with  a 
hyphen,  as  given,  the  logogram  represents  both 
give  and  given. 

Straight  Consona.nt  Logograms. 

/  Age 


\   Happy  (i) 

\  up,  pay,  hope 

\  put  (3) 

\  by,  buy  (1) 

\  be 

\  to  be  (3) 

I   at  (I) 

lit 


I  Out  (3) 
I  had(i) 
I    do,  day 

Idiflferen     .  v 
ce(;3) 

/  much  (i) 
/  which 
/  each  (3) 
/large,  joy(i) 


can  (i) 

.come  oa^f^iA^ 

go,  ago  (i) 

.,^give-n 
t/way.  away 
/^are 
/^our,hour(3) 


12  Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 

Exercise  II. 

(To  be  written  in  shorthand.) 
Our,  large,  each,  way,  which,  give,  are,  to  be. 
Much,  given,  different,  come,  joy,  day,  can,  had. 
Age,  out,  happy,  pay,  difference,  up,  it,  be,  at. 
By,  ago,  away,  go,  put,  our,  given,  to  be  happy. 
Come  buy  it.  Go  pay  it  up.  At  our  day.  Are 
at  it.  Do  go  away.  Had  to  be  different.  To  be 
at  large.  It  came  out.  By  which  way.  Our 
way  to  be  it.  Can.  Our  difference.  Each  are 
away.  Can  be  given  away.  It  had  to  be  given 
away.  It  had  to  be  put  out.  Can  it  come  out 
happy?  Which  had  to  be  given  out.  To  be  dif- 
ferent. Each  are  to  be  out.  To  be  at  it."  Which 
difference  can  it  be.     Our  joy  had  come. 

Exercise  III. 
(To  be  translated  into  longhand.) 

—  \    I.,   I  ~t^,\,'   /,.  I    —  [h 


"T?- 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography.  13 

Curved  Consonants. 

4.  All  the  curved  consonants  are  written 
down  except  m,  n,  and  ng,  which  are  written  from 
left  to  right.  The  heavy  curves  should  be  shaded 
in  the  middle  only,  the  same  as  shaded  curves  in 
ordinary  longhand.  Make  the  light  lines  very 
light;  then  you  will  not  have  to  retrace  the 
shaded  ones. 

Practice  the'following  exercise  the  sameTas  the 
preceding  one,  until  you  are  perfectly  familiar 
with  the  exact  form  of  each  character,  and  then 
write  only  the  shorthand  characters  for  all  the 
exercises  that  are  in  common  print. 
Exercise  IV. 

^  ^  (  (  )  )  J  J  ^..r 
A  .  .  )  r  . .  ^  ^  ^  (  ^ 

)r^^  .A    >C)(  ^k.. 

V   or -^  r  V  J^ 

-^  r.  .  wr>^  )^'^  ( 
k  \L  I  (  /  (V^  .^)/ 
r  \  J \(^ 

F,  V,  th,  TH,  s,  z,  sh,  zh,  m,  n,  ng,  1,  R,  z,  v. 
V,  1,  n,  m,  th,  s,  R,  f,  zh,  m,  v,  th,  v,  th,  zh. 
Th,  z,  s,  v,  s,  f,  TH,  n,  m,  1,  sh,  zh,  z,  s,  ng. 
TH,  z,  V,  s,  th,  f,  zh,  R,  sh,  th,  m,  1,  n,  f,  z. 
S,  m,  1,  R,  n,  z,  v,  f,  sh,  1,  m,  v,   Th^   sh,    ng. 


14  Complete  Matiual  of  Phonography. 

Curved  Consonant  Logograms. 


^Off.  half  (i) 

V^few  (3) 
i  have 
^view  (3) 

(  thank  (i) 

^  think 

(  youth  (3) 


)  Saw,sigh(i) 

)  so,  us 

)  see,  use  (3) 

\  was 

)use,  whose 
(3) 

y  Shalt  (i) 
^  show,  shall 
^  she,  wish  (3) 


^ 


/  though,  thy      I 

V  (i)  y  usual-ly 


/  thee,  thou 
^  (3) 


Year  (3) 

in,  any  (i) 
no,  own 
me,  my  (i) 
him,  may 

Language 
owing  (i) 

s.^  thing 
s^  young  (3) 
r  law  (i) 
/^  Lord 
y^  allow  (3) 


(them,  they    -^  ^^  ^^^ 

\your 

Exercise  V. 
(To  be  written  in  shorthand  ) 
Which  way  do  they  go  ?  Do  they  go  our  way 
or  no?  They  wish  it  put  off.  It  was  law.  She 
was  happy.  They  have  put  it  off,  so  they  say. 
It  was  our  wish.  She  was  put  off  half  way.  Do 
they  think  they  can?  They  can  do  so  if  they 
wish  it.  It  was  different.  Do  see  them.  Put  it 
up  by  him.  Though  it  may  be.  Thou  shalt  do 
much  by  them.  It  was  our  own  view.  Was  it  in 
our  language?  In  youth  or  age,  give  me.  So  it 
was  different,  was  it?  Have  they  any-thing? 
They  had  given  me  out.  If  so,  use  it  in  your 
way.  Thank  them,  so  they  can  go  away.  It  was 
different. 


Complete  Manual  of  PJionographj^. 


15 


Double  Consonants. 

4.  There  are  eight  double  consonants :  Whay 
being  the  same  as  way,  but  with  a  large  init  al 
hook.  Quay  and  Guay  are  indicated  by  writing 
a  large  initial  hook  on  the  k  and  g.  Emp  or  Emb, 
by  shading  the  m.  Wei,  by  making  a  small  in- 
itial hook,  and  Whel,  by  a  large  initial  hook  on 
the  inside  of  L.  Those  hooks,  W  or  WH,  are  al- 
ways read  first.  Rer  is  indicated  by  shading  the 
R,  and  Ler  by  shading  the  L.  All  shaded  strokes 
are  written  down,  except  gay,  ng,  and  guay. 


Exercise  VI. 


L=il 


r  ^  rr.r 


Whay,  quay,  guay,  emp,  wel,  whel,  ler,  rer,  quay. 
Whel,  ler,  wel,  quay,  rer,  whay,  guay,  quay,  ler. 
There  are  but  nine  words  represented  by  the 
double  consonants  as  logograms;  they  are  as 
follows : 


Double  Consonant  Logograms. 

^  Well 
f  will  (3) 
/J^  while  (i) 


i^^  Whether 
(/^whither  (3) 
C equal 


ant 
''**Mmport       (1) 
ance 

f'  lower 


Write  only  the  hook  of  will  under  the  line. 


16 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 


6.  There  are  twenty-seven  words  represent- 
ed by  the  signs  used  to  indicate  the  vowels  and 
diphthongs,  and  each  of  them  is  represented  by 
one  of  the  letters  of  which  the  word  is  composed, 
except  "and"  and  "he,"  in  which  neither  of  the 
letters  are  represented.  "Why"  is  represented 
by  the  sign  used  to  indicate  the  triphthong  WI,  as 
in  "wide." 

Vowel  Logograms. 

O  we  (i,  2,  3) 

/who 

^  what  (i) 

Q  when 

^  why  (i) 

^  would 

Cwith  (i) 

^Yes  (i) 

f>you 


7-  The  full  stop,  or  period,  is  represented  by 
a  small  cross.  All  the  other  punctuations  are  in- 
dicated the  same  as  in  print,  but  it  is  preferable 
to  make  a  small  cross  under  the  exclamation  and 
interrogation,  instead  of  the  dot. 

Note. — Practice  writing  the  sentences  on  the  follow- 
ing page  until  you  can  write  them  at  the  rate  of  fifty  or 
sixty  words  per  minute. 


•  a  or  an  (i) 

1   he 

^  and  ( I ,  up) 

A  how 

•  ah  (i) 

^  I,  eye,  high 
(i) 

\all(i) 
/awe,  ought 
'•Beyond  (i) 

1   0 !  oh !  owe 

(i) 
N  of(i) 

1   on(i) 

f  but 

/  should  (up) 

.Eh 

\to 

^too,  two 

•  the 

Punctuation. 

Complete  Manual  of  Phonography.  17 

Exercise  VII. 
(To  be  written  from  dictation.) 
All  of  them  think  they  ought  to  go.  Oh,  I 
think  they  do  too  well.  Of  all  who  have  come,  I 
think  two  of  them  ought  to  go  away.  It  may  be, 
if  they  do  come,  they  will  come  to-day.  They 
will  be  happy  if  they  do  come.  Who  have  they 
to  thank  but  you?  I  think  they  will  thank  all  of 
us.  If  each  of  us  do  what  we  can  by  him,  he  will 
thank  us  all.  I  know  it  will  improve  all  who  use 
it.  I  hope  it  will  be  an  important  improvement. 
Come  and  see  me  in  half  an  hour,  if  you  can. 
She  will  sigh  if  I  use  your  half  of  the  pay  and  put 
it  to  my  own  use.  Thou  shalt  have  thy  half  of 
the  thing  while  I  go  with  thee,  if  you  wish  it.  It 
was  the  difference  in  our  language  which  put  him 
out,  but  I  will  allow  him  to  think  of  it,  should  he 
wish  to  do  so.  Can  you  hope  to  do  anything  with 
it  at  all?  If  so,  how  much,  and  in  what  way? 
You  and  I  are  different  to  them,  but  they  are 
young,  and  will  have  to  do  what  you  and  I  had 
to  do.  It  will  give  me  much  joy  to  have  you  with 
me,  when  you  can  do  so.  I  wish  you  would 
come  up  and  see  me  when  you  can. 

REVIEW. 

1.  How  many  of  the  straight  consonants  are 

written  up? 

2.  How  is  ray  distinguished  from  chay? 

3.  How  many  straight  consonant  logograms  are 

there  ? 

4.  How  should  curved  strokes  be  shaded  ? 

5.  How    many    first-place    vowels    are    there? 

Give  their  sounds.  How  many  second- 
place?  Give  their  sounds.  Third-place? 
Give  their  sounds? 

6.  How  are  logograms  usually  written   as   to 

position? 


18  Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 

LESSON  2. 

Joined  Consonants. 

8.  All  the  consonants  in  a  word  are  written 
without  taking  the  pen  or  pencil  off  the  paper, 
the  second  stroke  beginning  where  the  first  ends, 
and  so  on,  until  all  the  strokes  are  written. 

9.  When  a  curved  consonant  is  repeated,  it  is 
written  twice.  When  a  straight  stroke  is  repeated, 
it  is  written  double  its  usual  length.  Light  and 
shaded  lines,  without  a  distinct  angle  between 
them,  are  joined  in  such  a  manner  that  the  point 
of  union  is  not  discernible. 

10.  L  and  sh,  when  joined  to  other  strokes, 
may  be  written  either  up  or  down ;  L  and  sh,  when 
joined  together,  are  always  written  up.  In  this 
and  the  following  lessons  (until  the  rules  on  the 
subject  are  reached)  the  student  is  directed  by  an 
italic  letter  when  to  write  L,  R,  and  H  down. 


\^  V^ 


Exercise  VIII. 


v<  ^^  ~y 


Ky  X\r'. 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 
Exercise  VIII. — Con. 


19 


/ 


f 


o_ 


^  r-< 


jC 


P^^-^^ 


^ — --^-L^ 


± 


^ 


1 


— (  r\r 


T 


21 


Exercise  IX. 
(Ith  is  represented  by  th,  and  thee  by  th.) 

1.  P-m,  b-m,  t-m,  ch-m,  j-m,  k-m,  g-m,  f-m, 

2.  TH-m,  th-m,  s-m,  z-m,  r-m,  R-m,  w-m,  1-m, 

3.  Wh-L,  y-1,   r-1,  f-1,  v-L,  R-\,  k-1,   h-1,   sh-1, 

sh-m. 

4.  M-r,  1-sh,  f-L,  b-1,  1-p,  r-d,  h-d,  sh-p,  p-k, 

ch-m. 

5.  T-p,  p-p,  whl-p,  m-1,  1-v,  h-p,  f-1,  m-1,  h-t. 

6.  Mb-sh,  1-d,  n-f,  k-k,  i-R-m,  p-r-L,  f-1,  qu-p. 

7.  Gu-n,  ch-d,  1-k-l,  1-sh,  d-th,  d-1,  t-r,  b-TH. 

8.  G-d,  m.-R,  n-LR,  n-RR,  r-th-1,  m-n-d,m-n-th-l. 


20  Complete  Manual  of  rhonography. 

WRITING  IN  POSITION. 

11.  Words  are  written  in  three  positions: 
above  the  Hne,  on  the  Une,  and  through  the  line. 
The  position  of  a  word  is  determined  by  the  vowel, 
or  the  accented  vowel,  if  there  is  more  than  one 
in  a  word.  A  word  containing  a  first-place  vowel 
sound  is  written  about  one-third  the  length  of  a 
stroke  above  the  line;  but  if  the  outline  is  made 
up  of  all  horizontal  strokes,  it  should  be  written 
nearly  the  length  of  a  stroke  above  the  line. 

y 5 5 , 9 5 y J ^-_> 

Pa,  law,  add,  joy,  sigh,  Shaw,  my,  at,  by,  thaw. 

12.  A  word  containing  a  second-place  ac- 
cented vowel  should  be  written  on  the  line. 

Pay,  show,  they,  may,  lay,  so,  age,  hay,  bay,  no. 

13.  A  word  containing  a  third-place  vowel 
sound  should  be  written  through  the  line,  unless 
it  be  a  word  containing  all  horizontal  strokes,  in 
which  case  it  should  be  written  just  below  the  line. 


^/^><-' 


Due,  fee,  now,  new,  feel,  Jew,  see,  thee,  meal. 

The  rule  for  position  applies  chiefly  to  short 
words,  and  the  place  or  position  of  long  words  is 
generally  on  the  line.  All  words  that  contain 
three  or  more  consonants  should  rest  on  the  line. 
The  first  up  or  down  stroke  determines  the  posi- 
tion of  all  words,  no  matter  where  it  may  come. 

Note. — Practice  reading  the  following  exercise  until 
you  can  read  it  like  print;  then  copy  it. 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography.  2l 


EXERCISE  X. 


'^ 


^         \ 


n  ;> 


U_i 


V 


^ 


-  o-\r\^  ^^  \. 


^1-  ^1 


•  ^  ^x,  ^ 


Ln_L 


JX 


_    s    ■)   )   c    n  -1   V-2 


\-r^UV.-nV-^.  I 


- 1  '^x^Vvi^n  -y^ 


^ 


<<v  i^v  ^^x  A     j  I)  •  ^  \^-; 


V;>V-^=-^?^^J?-^^^^^=^ 


)-llr^^.l,/>- 


/fiTi.-n  I  v^ 


mi 


jX 


Kkv^  V-(  ^  x-i-  Oc 


d- 


-|^^^ 


^  .Kj  TTT^I  )  .  V  ( 


^ 


_a. 


—  I  ^ 


^:>~a 


_V-\  ■  u 


V 


^-  \  ~(^s  V,  n  r 


r  ■>- 


u.^^ 


-Ae^ 


p    _,\<rv2^ 


_ci_ 


V 


^ 


w.D.K. 


22  Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 

Vocalization  and  Phrasing. 

14.  I,  01,  and  WI  may  be  joined  initially 
when  they  will  form  a  sharp  angle ;  and,  before  M 
and  L,  omit  the  last  part  of  I,  only  writing  the  first 
stroke  and  joining  that  on  to  the  M  or  h.  I,  OW, 
and  U  may  be  joined  finally;  and  when  OW  or  U 
follows  N  finally,  omit  the  first  part  of  OW  and 
the  last  part  of  U ;  but  final  I  must  not  be  joined 
unless  there  is  a  sharp  angle,  and  both  strokes  of 
the  I  must  be  written.     Note  the  following: 

^^^  -^  ■!  ~^  ^  V   ^   I 

J !j 9 9 7  ^--^  ^\^  f--r^V^ 

I  am,  I  will,  oil,  wide,  nigh,  now,  few,  new,  due. 

15.  The  word  "the"  is  represented  by  a 
"tick,"  written  in  the  direction  of  ch,  and  may  be 
made  either  up  or  down.  This  tick  is  always 
joined  to  the  preceding  word.  It  is  never  used  as 
a  prefix. 

w.     >      ^      V      ^      L 

9 9 ^ ? ? 2L 

in  the,  of  the,  to  the,  by  the,  on  the,  at  the. 

16.  The  first  word  in  a  phrase  occupies  its 
own  position  in  regard  to  the  line.  But  w^hen  a 
word  is  preceded  by  a  vowel  logogram  in  the  first 
position, 'the  Vlogogram  may  be  written  a  little 
higher  or  lower,  to  suit  the  position  of  the  fol- 
lowing word.  In  phrasing,'tlie  hook  on  wdll  and 
well  may  be'omitted,  as  in  the  following  phrases: 

I  have,  and  at,  of  it,  you  will,  I  wish,  you  well. 
.•  I  Phrasing. 

I-think-you-will-do-well.  I-hope-you-are-in- 
the.  At-the-time.  I-think-we-will-do-well.  If- 
vou-are. 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography.         23 

LESSON  3. 
S  AND  SES  Circles. 

17.  The  sound  of  S  or  Z  is  generally  repre- 
sented by  a  small  circle,  and  when  it  is  written  at 
the  beginning  of  a  stroke,  it  is  always  read  first, 
and  at  the  end  of  a  stroke  it  is  always  read  last. 
The  circle  S  is  written  on  the  right-hand  side  of 
all  straight  down-strokes  and  on  the  upper  side 
of  the  horizontal  and  up-strokes. 

\    3    I    ;     1     J  /"  )     <3    )^^~^       }     ^  ,     <^^. 

Sup,   days,   set,   such,   chase,   skies,   bees,  ways. 

18.  When  S  comes  between  two  straight 
strokes  forming  an  angle,  it  is  written  on  the  out- 
side of  the  angle ;  when  the  S  comes  between  two 
straight  "strokes  running  in  the  same  direction,  it 
is  written  according  to  the  above  rule.     (See  17.) 


Task,  risk,  gusty,  desk,  cask,  husk,  rusty,  exit. 

19.  The  circle  S  is  written  on  the  inside  of 
all  curves,  and  when  it  comes  between  two  curves, 
it  is  usually  (not  always)  written  on  the  inside 
of  the^;first  curve. 

Safe,  vase,  some,  moss.  Mason,  massive,  facility. 

20.  A  large  circle  written  in  the  middle  or  at 
the  end  of  a  word  represents  SES  or  SEZ,  and  is 
supposed  to  contain  the  short  vowel  E,  but  it  is 
sometimes  used  to  represent  SIS  or  SIZ. 

Possess,  noses,  laces,  exist,  exercise,  emphasis. 


24  Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 

SW  Circle,  ST  and  STR  Loops. 

21.  SW  (named  Sway)  is  indicated  by 
writing  a  large  circle  at  the  beginning  of  a  stroke, 
on  the  same  side  as  circle  S.  When  not  joined  to 
another  consonant,  SW  is  represented  by  writing 
circle  S  inside  the  hook  of  Way : 

Sweep,  sweet,  switch,  swan,  swam,  swell,  swathe. 

22.  A  small  loop,  one-half  the  length  of  a 
consonant,  written  on  the  same  side  as  the  circle 
S,  represents  ST  (named  Stee).  When  written 
at  the  beginning,  it  is  always  read  first,  and  at  the 
end  it  represents  either  ST  or  ZD,  and  is  read  last. 
This  loop  may  be  written  in  the  middle  of  a  word 
when  it  makes  a  good  joining,  or  sharp  angle. 

\,  i\J,r.r,  /,^^ 

Step,    test,    state,    style,    least,  chest,    mystify. 

23.  A  large  loop,  one-half  the  length  of  a  con- 
sonant, written  on  the  same  side  as  the  circle  S, 
represents  STR  (named  Ster).  This  loop  is  never 
written  initially,  but  may  be  written  in  the  mid- 
dle of  a  word,  when  it  makes  a  sharp  angle  with 
the  following  stroke : 

\  ,/^,^  ,^  :^  ,  (^-^ 

Paster,  luster,  master,  Foster,  masterpiece,  etc- 

24.  To  express  the  plural  number  or  possess- 
ive case  after  these  loops  and  SES,  continue  the 
stroke,  and  form  a  small  circle  on  the  opposite 
side  of  the  consonant : 

\>,  ^,  ^,-^,r,  ^^ 

Possesses,    nests,    vests,    exercises,    lasts,    rests. 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography.  25 

ExerciselXI. 

C  L  )  )  J  J  .-^  \^  ^^  r  '^  J' 
\  ?  \  P//>^  ^  \V  kk 

Exercise  XII. 

Sam  says  he  was  dismissed  last  week,  since 
which  time  he  caused  some  of  them  to  go  just  the 
same.  I  think  it  the  best  thing  he  can  do  to  go 
to  the  races.  It  was  some  of  the  masterpieces  I 
saw  last  month  at  the  shows.  Last  Tuesday  I 
was  at  Lester  and  on  Wednesday  at  Chester.  He 
must  testify  to  the  master's  story.  You  must 
swim  if  you  would  exercise  all  the  muscles  of  your 
body.  Write  all  of  this  exercise  just  six  times 
ere  you  give  up.  You  must  come  up  on  Satur- 
day if  you  wish  to  see  some  nice  pieces  of  silk  on 
sale  at  our  store.  We  bought  it  to  sell,  and  it 
must  be  sold  right  away.  I  wish  you  would  go 
with  me  to  Chester  next  week.  If  I  can  sell  my 
hay,  I  think  I  can  go  with  you.  Some  time  ago  I 
had  to  go  with  you  to  the  store.  Yes,  sir;  and 
vou  must  come  to  see  me  in  two  davs. 


26  Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 

fij!  Circled  and  lyOOPED  Logograms. 


O  As,  has  (i) 

*-v  As  has  y  s 
has  as  ^ 


,  Because 


(0 


cause 
\)  business  (3) 

^  First 

Q  Has  as     /  \ 
as  has 

.^-tt  himself 

^  his  is 

^  is  his 
/*^  [m  possible 
(I) 
^<r^  improve- 
ments 


^^ 


v_p  Influence 

(I) 
v.^  influenced 

(i) 
O   is,  his 

b  itself  (3) 
^^Most  (i) 
x'^must 

>s^Next 

O  Ourselves 

-^  (3) 

^  Religious(3) 

P    Saviour 
^'  several 

Exercise  XII T. 


\  Subject 

\  special-ly 

O    speak  (3) 
Signify-ed(l) 
Mgnifican^g 

C  Those  (i) 
(o  this 

C  these.thus 

/   this  is      ^-^^ 
^  themselves 

(o  Youths  (3) 

"N  yours 
vourself 


^L. 


V 


J  '  ^  }   (,   ^^-^ 


^7 


v 


O  ^J<>  ^  <  '  -\  1^'^? 


r . .  I  <;.°  (  )  I  /-  ----(  / "  I 


iZ^ 


r  I  A 


.^jt 


f  c  c  ^ 


ji. 


VompJete  Manual  of  Phonography.  27 

Exercise  XIII. — Con. 


^r \  1  ^ 


X. 


^  v^  — 


nix 


^x^  7  — \  -^  -.   ^  — \^x 

Exercise  XIV . 
He  says  he  is-his  own  master.  Money  is  the 
cause  of  the  loss  of  many  souls.  Cease  to  do 
wrong,  seek  to  do  what  is  right.  He  says  he  can 
see  several  of  them,  -because  they  have  to  pass  his 
way  as  they  go  to  the  city.  If  I  ask  you  to  fol- 
low your  studies,  it  is  because  you  mil  have  to 
use  them  in  this  office  some  day.  Let  this  be 
your  masterpiece,  and  many  will  testify  as  to  its 
excellence.  You  should  always  do  the  best  you 
can  by  yourself.  The  Saviour  helps  those  who 
help  themselves.  If  we  do  the  best  we  can  our- 
selves, we  most  usually  succeed.  This-is  the  best 
way  to  follow.  It  may  seem  useless  at  first,  but 
it  is  impossible  to  influence  those  who  should  be 
influenced  by  us,  unless  we  speak  to  them  in  a 
significant  way,  which  will  signify  to  them  we 
have  a  special,  rehgious  feeling  and  a  desire  to 
help  him  to  improve  himself,  as  you  have  im- 
proved yourself  and  I  myself  when  we  were 
youths,  as-is  the  case  wdth  him  now.  Take  heed 
to  do  all  you  have  to  do  as  soon  as  you  can.  I 
have  now  to  leave  you.     I  will  write  soon. 


28  Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 

When  to  Use  Stroke  S  and  ST  Loop. 

25.  As  thej circle  or  loop  is  always  read  first 
at^the  beginning  of  a  word  and  last  at  the  end  of 
a  word,  it  follows  that  if  a  vowel  precedes  S  at 
the  beginning  or  follows  S  or  T  at  the  end  of  a 
word,  we  cannot  write  the  circle  or  loop,  and  must 
therefore  write  the  stroke  S  or  T.  We  have  four 
rules  for  writing  the  strokes ;  viz.: 

I  St.  When  S  is  the  only  consonant  in  a  word, 
or  when  a  word  begins  with  a  vowxl  immediately 
followed  by  S,  or  in  derivatives,  the  stroke  S  must 
be  written : 

)•    •)-  u  y\  io  t^. 

Essay,   ask,    assume,    asleep,    essence,    saw-mill. 
2d.     When  a  word  begins  with  S  Jollowed  by 
two  vowels'or  S,  the'stroke  must  be]Jwritten :  r 

l~^  j-O  <)cjj  ofv  J, <^    tC 

Siam,   science,  season,   saucer,  cease,  sauciness. 
3d.     When  a  word  ends  with  S,  preceded  by 
two  vowels,  the  stroke  rfiust  be  written : 

f     1>1.    -^     /^V^  -^> 

Joyous,  tortuous,  curious,  laborious,  courageous. 
4th.     When  a  word  ends  with  a  vowel  im- 
mediately preceded  by  S  or  T,  the  stroke  must  be 
written : 

^y)  /-\    VO.  _X)  ^  ^  n  X 

Mercy,  Lucy,  pursue,  curacy,  rust,  rusty,  misty. 
The  stroke  Z  must  be  used  in  all  words  begin- 
ning with  Z ;  thus,  in  such  words  as  Zero,  zigzag, 
zeal,  Zion,  etc.,  the  stroke  Z  is  written. 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography.  29 


EXERCISE  XV. 


^--a- 


s  C^. 


y-  .\>-  r\  .^  r 


^ 


21. 


^/^  ^  -  ■  L.  ^  ^  -y 


X. 


/\      /^      9-\ 


n    (    ^\ 


% 


^  /  <l 


7^ 


l^_X 


LJ^ 


^r-^ 


U 


X  g-^ 


^^ 


*-^ 


y^    f   \ /^/^  «  ir~i  M  .^ 


^ 


V,r^:^^^ 


V  ■>  ■  V  '  ■  r.  - 


V  -  ^  - ; 


^^ei 


^     ^    X    (    --(^-^ 


jc:^ 


V->. 


i.-::^^ 


.O) \      /I 


^  - 1 


\  c^,. 


-i=- 


^^ 


o  r^ 


.  ^  ^  .  ^■. 


<'^~X\  .    0 


jLJlI 


L-    <- 


^     ^^      ^ 


JL^ 


-^ 


L^ 


<r~\ ^^-^ 


1.  .V  ^  ^  I 


jX 


.*^vi 


;lX 


I. 


I   -   1^ 


(T^ 


\ 


^  M  C    ,  I  /°  ^°( 


£^ 


S^    S 


A. 


VA  \  .  ^  ^  .  ^  . 


n   ..^ 


'^  ^ai'.'^m: 


30  Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 

LESSON  4. 
INITIAL  HOOKS. 

26.  A  small  hook  prefixed  to  the  right-hand 
side  of  a  straight  down-stroke,  on  the  upper  side 
of  straight  horizontals,  adds  L. 

\     r    \    f   //  ^  C-. 

pi,       tl,       bl,     dl,  chl,       jl,       kl,       gl, 

27.  A  small  hook  prefixed  to  the  left-hand 
side  of  a  straight  down-stroke,  on  the  under  side 
of  straight  horizontals,  adds  R. 


^  \  1  1  ; ; 


X 


pr,    br,    tr,    dr,  chr,    jr,       kr,        gr, 

28.  These  hooked  consonants  are  used  in- 
itially in  words  that  contain  no  vowel,  or  an  un- 
accented vowel  between  the  two  consonants; 
medially  and  finally,  when  they  form  a  syllable, 
as  follows : 

Play,   pray,  rider,       labor,  library,   riderless. 

29.  These  hooks  may  be"  enlarged 'on"p,  b,  t, 
d,  ch,  and  j,  for  either  L  or  R.  Enlarge  the  R 
hook  to  add  L  and  the  L  hook  to  add  R.  The  R 
hook  may  be  enlarged  to  add  L  to  k  and  g.  A 
large  hook  on  Ray,  when  it  follows  the  circle  S 
or  SES,  adds  L. 


% 


e.pX    VJC?^^ 


April,  gambler,  saddler,  sincerely,  necessarily. 
30.  When  speaking  of  these  double  conso- 
nants, give  them  their  monosyllabic  names;  do 
not  call  them  p-1  and  p-r,  but  pel,  per,  pier,  prel, 
etc.  #  Pronounce  them  as  a  single  consonant  or 
syllable. 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 
Hooked  Logograms. 


31 


^  Able 


P  at  all  (i)         /j^  dear 


1    Doctor  (i) 


(3 


^   Belie^      , 
\  ve-d 

:L_Call  (i) 

care 


<       Christian-it> 
9  chair 
/  cheer  (3) 


\,   deUver>'^ 

^^  Equal-ly 
f    Idle-y  (i) 
c«.  Glory-fy-ed 
<\  Liberal  (i) 
^    larger  (i) 


/ 


1   During  (3)      <^  liberty  (i) 


(\  Member 
^  remember 

\  Number(3) 

(*     Tell 
[^  till  (3) 
T  try  (i) 
7    truth 
7    true  (3) 
q    truly  (3) 


Exercise  XVI. 


^ 


^W 


^"--^ 


\' A^^^'v^r  ^--^rt 


C     V    M, 


2^ 


w 


\='  -^  I  c .  r  u. -i\ 


^^i 


e^ 


V 


..a. 


?  •  >^^ 


I     o      ^   ^      .     } 


'-x  ^\  //.^ 


g--irt 


\ 


■^ 


^ 


32  Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 

Exercise  XVII. 

Dear  Sir,— As  you  are  the  principal  doctor  in 
this  place  and  a  member  of  the  Christian  Church, 
I  will  take  care  to  tell  you  the  truth,  or  what  I 
believe  to  be  true.  You  may  remember  the 
chair  which  you  delivered  to  me  during  your 
idle  time  last  week,  and  said  I  should  keep  it  till 
you  should  call.  I  take  the  liberty  to  tell  you  I 
will  be  equally  liberal  and  have  it  delivered  to 
you,  as  I  wish  a  larger  number.  We  should  be- 
lieve in  Christianity  and  glorify  our  Saviour  at 
all  times.  We  should  cheer  up  and  have  faith 
in  Him,  and  He  will  deliver  us  at  the  last  day. 
We  hope  to  be  able  to  call  on  you  during  the 
month  of  August.     Yours  truly. 

Initial  Hooks  Prefixed  to  Curves. 

31.  A  small  initial  hook,  written  on  the  in- 
side of  all  curved  consonants,  adds  R,  and  a  large 
initial  hook,  written  on  the  inside  of  all  curves, 
adds  L. 

^  ^     ^     Q^ rr^      c:-\       <^    e^v 

fr,       fl,    vr,     vl,       mr,       ml,         nr,      nl. 

32.  The  character  "NG,"  according  to  the 
foregoing  rules,  would  represent  ng-r,  as  in  singer. 
There  are,  however,  so  few  words  in  which  ng  is 
followed  by  R  that  this  hooked  outline  is  used 
to  represent  the  frequently  occurring  sounds  of 
ng-gr  and  ng-kr.  The  double  consonant  "MP," 
when  hooked  initially,  becomes  mp-per,  or 
mb-ber : 

Finger,  banker,  linger,  tinker,  hamper,  slumber. 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography.  33 

INITIAL  HOOKS. 
33.  The  consonants  R,  RER,  S,  Z,  are  not 
hooked  to  indicate  the  addition  of  L  or  R.  The 
signs,  therefore,  are  used  as  extra  forms  for  fr,  fl, 
etc.,  and  when  these  consonants  are  hooked  in- 
itially, they  become  fr,  vr,  thr,  THr,  or  fl,  vl,  thl, 
ThI,  and   are    appropriated    as  duplicate  forms. 

CNO  c^^^  on  CO  o. 


tr,      vr. 


fl. 


vl,      thr,    THr,    thl,      ThI. 


34.  When  a  word  contains  no  other  conso- 
nant than  fr,  vr,  etc.,  and  commences  with  a 
vowel,  write  the  left-hand  or  natural  curve. 

(a)  When  fr,  thr,  etc.,  commences  a  word, 
use  the  right-hand  curve;  when  joined  to  other 
strokes,  use  that  form  which  makes  the"  best 
joining.  The  right-hand  curves  for  fl,  vl,  and  thl 
are  never  used  initially.  Shi,  when  standing 
alone,  is  always  written  down ;  when  joined  to 
other .  strokes,  it  may  be  written  either  up  or 
down. 

Hooked  Logograms. 

0    Assure  (i)  J<r^  More  (i) 


Q    Either  (3) 

C     every 

^  evil  (3) 

^  For 

<\    from 

f\    However 
^  (3) 


i— >  Mr.,  mere 
^^  near 
<^  nor  (i) 
•^  Offer  (i) 
C    other 
V.  over  (1) 


0   Pleasure 

^^  Remark-ed 

(I) 
9  Share-d 

^  sure  (3) 

■)  The;; 

•^    they  are 

through^-^"^ 
^  Very 


34  Complete  Manual  of  Phonograph]/. 

Note. — Write  the  following  exercise  several  times 
and  then  have  it  read  to  you,  as  fast  as  you  can  write  it 
neatly  and  accurately,  until  you  can  write  it  at  the  rate 
of  fifty  words  per  minute. 

Exercise  XVIII. 
Dear  Grace, — Our  uncle  has  an  acre  of  apple 
and  plum  trees  on  his  farm,  and  he  has  promised 
to  take  us  over  there  as  soon  as  he  can.  We  are 
free  to  gather  a  couple  of  measures  of  apples  for 
our  brother,  the  preacher,  but  we  will  do  wrong 
if  we  break  the  branches,  or  throw  sticks  at  them. 
Flora  and  Lucy  may  gather  a  bushel  for  their 
people.  They  are  the  daughters  of  our  neighbor, 
and  they  come  to  call  on  me  every  day  or  two. 
They  are  very  nice  girls,  and  they  have  a  brother, 
who  seems,  from  his  language  and  his  manners, 
to  be  a  boy  of  sense.  I  read  in  the  paper  to-day 
of  the  trial  of  the  gambler,  which  is  to  take  place 
in  April.  I  think  he  is  a  cobbler,  for  he  had  an 
awl,  hammer,  and  last  with  him  when  they  caught 
him.  I  think  he  is  a  foreigner,  because  his 
language  is  different  to  ours ;  but  I  am  unable  to 
tell  what  the  difference  is.  They  say  he  has  im- 
proved his  time  well  during  his  term  in  jail,  and 
from  what  they  all  say,  I  think  there  is  some  room 
for  improvement,  though  I  am  no  judge.  How- 
ever, I  assure  you  he  will  have  to  improve  his 
ways  if  he  wishes  to  come  clear.  I  have  now  to 
leave  you.  I  will  try  and  write  to  you  soon. 
Come  and  see  me  when  you  can.  I  hope  you  will 
be  able  to  come  and  take  tea  with  us  next  Sunday. 
If  you  will  write  me,  I  will  answer  the  first  idle 
time  I  have.  Please  write  and  tell  me  whether 
you  will  come  on  the  cars  or  in  a  carriage.  I 
hope  you  will  be  with  me  soon. 
Sincerely  yours, 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography.  35 

Upward  and  Downward  R  and  L. 

35.  Two  considerations  determine  whether 
Ray  or  R  should  be  written  initially :  the  vowel 
and  the  angle.  INITIAL  R  is  written  UP  if  a 
vowel  follows,  and  down  if  a  vowel  precedes,  un- 
less it  is  followed  by  t,  d,  ch,  j,  th,  kl,  gl,  or  w, 
when  it  is  up,  whether  a  vowel  follows  or  not. 

36.  FINAL  R,  in  short  words,  is  written 
down  when  it  ends  a  word,  and  up  if  followed  by 
a  vowel.  When  R  is  preceded  by  two  down- 
strokes,  it  is  written  up,  to  preserve  the  lineality 
of  writing. 

37.  INITIAL  L  is  generally  written  up,  but 
when  preceded  by  a  vowel,  and  followed  by  a 
horizontal  not  hooked  initially,  it  is  written  down. 
When  L  precedes  sf,  sv,  sn,  sng,  it  is  always 
written  down,  whether  a  vowel  precedes  or  not. 

38.  FINAL  L  is  generally  written  up,  but 
after  f,  v,  sk,  qu,  and  all  straight  up-strokes,  it  is 
written  down  if  no  vowel  follows,  and  up  if  a 
vowel  follows.  After  a  straight  down-stroke,  L 
is  written  down  if  two  vowels  come  between. 
After  n,  ns,  ng,  ngs,  fs,  vs,  and  ths,  L  is  always 
written  down,  whether  a  vowel  follows  or  not. 
In  other  cases,  write  that  form  which  makes  the 
best  joining  or  sharpest  angle  with  the  following 
stroke. 

39.  The  double  consonants  lr  and  rr  are 
written  for  the  sound  of  ler  and  rer  where  the 
final  L  or  R  would  be  used,  and  are  always 
written  down. 

room,        arm,      Mary,      like,    alike,    nearer. 


36  Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 


EXERCISE  XLX 


-,-1  v  °  •  ^   '/■).-/ 


'\  -  ^  .1°  \^,  -^  /-  ■  '^-y- 


^>^  v.-  ---  -f  ■  °'.\r.p  \ 


/    n    ^    ->    V     I     ^     ^  -       ^ 


.■■       >■       \.^ 


^  \  /.-•'•iT'V  -/  C  / 


-v.l  •  ^  ^  -^ 


.'V 


^X    .   /  V  -^  ^  ,^  -^  v^ 


V    /    .    °      '     o    1   V    ■)     o'-^'> 


V  . .  ■    ^.  -  ■  °  .-^  (  V 


-^v 


^^-^  .  r  ~i'^  0(A^ 


r  Cf-  ^  V-  ^^  ^  ^  t.  c  .-  *^n 


"^L-^ 


--/->->./^  -^r"^ 


>    V,.<L    •  >^  U    ^    )  <^.-/9 


^  u  --^  ,-^  ^^  \  ^  ^  ,  ^  V-.  v^ 


Complete  Manual  of  Plionography.  37 

Circles  and  Loops  Prefixed  to  an 
Initial  Hook. 

40.  S  is  prefixed  to  the  pr  series  of  straight 
consonants  by  writing  a  small  circle  on  the  left- 
hand  side  of  the  down-strokes,  and  on  the  under 
side  of  the  horizontals  k  and  gay. 

(a)  S  is  prefixed  to  the  pi  series  of  straight 
consonants,  qu,  gu,  plr,  prl,  and  all  hooked  curves, 
by  making  the  circle  on  the  inside  of  the  hook. 

spray,  straw,  supply,  Squire,  saddler,  sprawl. 

41 .  SW  is  prefixed  to  the  pr  series  of  straight 
consonants  by  making  a  large  circle  on  the  left- 
hand  side  of  down-strokes,  and  on  the  under  side 
of  the  horizontals  k  and  g;  and  the  initial  ST  is 
prefixed  to  the  pr  series  of  straight  consonants 
by  making  a  loop  on  the  left-hand  side  of  the 
down-strokes,  and  under  the  horizontals  k  and  g. 

^    ^    .9  ''\ 


sweeper,  sweeter,  switcher,  stopper,  swagger. 

42.  When  one  of  the  R  or  L  hooked  letters 
follows  the  circle  S  in  the  middle  of  a  word,  the 
hook  must  be  shown : 

.--^^^ k=o <i^         lNa-~U,>c 

possible,    disclose,    rostrum,    express,    extricate. 

43.  When  R  follows  S  between  two  straight 
letters  running  in  the  same  direction,  it  is  in- 
dicated by  writing  the  circle  on  the  left  side  of  the 
down-strokes,  and  on  the  under  side  6f  k  or  g. 
T-skr,  D-skr,  etc.,  is  indicated  by  writing  the  cir- 
cle on  the  right  side  of  t  or  d,  and  under  k  or  g 

449592 


38  Vomplete  Manual  of  Phonography. 

prosper,     corkscrew,  destroy,    tasker,    disgrace. 
Exercise  XX. 


_e^ 


J^,.  «^  ^^  S-  -'T^' 


r^ 


.^.  ^^.-yir 


■^  ■       \ 

Exercise  XXI. 
It  is  said  it  is  no  disgrace  to-be  poor,  and  I 
say  it  is  very  disagreeable.  The  month  of  August 
is  usually  extremely  warm.  There  is  nothing 
which  overthrows  a  strong  head  so  quick  as 
whisky.  Who  said  it  was  Judge  Parker  who  re- 
fused to  listen  to  the  plea  of  the  prisoner?  Civil- 
ized people  desire  peaceful  times,  as  war  brings 
misery,  suffering,  and  distress.  I  hope  you  will 
prosper  in  the  express  business.  We  may  be  able 
to  call  on  you  in  the  spring  or  early  summer. 
He  rode  his  bicycle  on  a' string,  which  was  very 
strange.  If  you  mistrust  him,  you  should  go  to 
Mr.  Baker  and  ask  him  of  his  honesty  and  in- 
dustry.    We  think  this-is  all. 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography.  39 

VOCAIvIZATION. 

44.  In  writing  shorthand  it  is  sometimes 
necessary  to  insert  an  initial  or  final  vowel, 
especially  in  short  words.  Remember  that  the 
long  vowels  are  represented  by  heavy  dots  and 
dashes,  and  the  short  vowels  by  light  dots  and 
dashes ;  the  diphthongs  by  angular  marks,  and  are 
called  first-,  second,-  and  third-place  vowels  and 
diphthongs. 

45.  All  first-place  vowels  are  written  at  the 
beginning  (close  by  the  side  of,  but  not  touching) 
the  consonant.  Second-place  vowels  are  written 
in  the  middle,  and  third-place  vowels  at  the  end 
of  the  consonant.  Vowels  written  on  the  left  of 
up  or  down-strokes  and  above  horizontals  are 
read  before  the  stroke,  and  when  written  on  the 
right  of  up  or  down-strokes  and  below  horizontals, 
they  are  read  after  the  stroke. 

-;v\\  ^— .^./  •/  n. 

pa,  pay,  pea,  up,  egg,  key,    woe,  each,  age,  lieu. 

46.  All  first-place  vowels,  when  they  come 
between  two  consonants,  are  written  after  the 
first  stroke ;  all  third-place  vowels  are  written  be- 
fore the  second  stroke.  Second-place  long  vow- 
els are  written  after  the  first  stroke,  and  second- 
place  short  vowels  are  written  before  the  second 
stroke. 


palm,  bake,  peck,  rich,  pack,  time,  cooky,  March. 
47.  The  short  sound  of  i  is  the  same  as 
final  y.  In  writing  vocalized  shorthand  all  out- 
lines may  be  written  on  the  line,  but  it  is  advisable 
to  write  all  short  words  in  their  proper  positions. 


40  Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 

READING  Exercise  in  Vocaijzation. 


.  i>  ^  •  r  u-  >  ix- 


> 


6.    f-.    ^')   ^     ^^\    n   (  r^—f 


Vocalization  of  the  PR  and  PL  Series. 

A  Long  dot-vowel  may  be  expressed  between 
the  stroke  and  the  hook  of  the  pr  and  pi  series  of 
double  consonants  by  writing  a  small  circle  be- 
fore or  above  the  consonant  in  the  place  of  the 
simple  vowel.  The  Short  dot-vowels  are  ex- 
pressed by  writing  a  small  circle  after  or  below 
the  consonant  in  the  place  of  the- simple  vowel. 

The  Dash-vowels  are  written  through  the 
consonant  in  their  proper  positions;  or,  if  an  in- 
itial or  final  circle  or  hook  interferes,  write  the 
vowel  at  the  beginning  or  at  the  end  of  the  out- 
line.    Note  the  following  words : 

Parlor,  Germany,  George,  course,  school,  figures. 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography.  41 

LESSON  5. 

Final  N  and  F  Hooks. 

48.  A  small  hook  at  the  end  of  a  consonant, 
on  the  left  side  of  straight  down-strokes,  on  the 
under  side  of  horizontals  and  upstrokes,  and  on 
the  inside  of  all  curved  consonants,  adds  N. 


.^    ^-.  d^  -ra   ^T^    cJ^ 


^^y,^. 


pain,  bone,  hone,  cone,  main,  shine,  lean,  noon. 

49.  A  small  hook  at  the  end  on  the  right  side 
of  all  straight  down-strokes,  above  horizontals  , 
and  the  straight  up-strokes,  adds  F  or  V.  There 
are  no  F  or  V  hooks  to  curves. 

\.\.  ^-.^^^^^^ 

puff,  buff,  chafe,  cave,  grove,  hoof,  rave,  wave. 

50.  Each  of  these  hooks  may  be  used  in  the 
middle  of  a  word,  when  they  make  a  good  join- 
ing, or  sharp  angle,  with  the  following  stroke.  A 
hook  at  the  end  of  a  word  is  always  read  last 
(with  the  exception  of  circle  s) ;  therefore,  when  a 
word  ends  with  a  vowel,  preceded  by  n,  f,  or  v, 
the  stroke  must  be  written,  and  not  the  hook. 


JLZJJ 


finish,  penny,  driving,  heavy,  fancy,  wavy,  money. 

51.  Initial  rn  is  written  down  when  it  is  pre- 
ceded by  a  vowel,  and  up  when  not  preceded  by 
a  vowel.     Final  rn  is  generally  written  up. 

-\ .   ^^  ^/^  '^^  ^^  -^\ 

earning,  raining,  return,  foreign,  morning,  com. 


42  Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 


EXERCISE  xxu. 


C\   -l^  C  l,^    1  ^    ^'^; 


C5 


K^  -^  ir  )  .  \.  .  ,y  1   ^  C 


LX. 


\^M  .CI 


V^ 


zr 


1^ 


^ 


S^^^^J^^si^^ 


^ 


^=H- 


7 


— 1  ^-1  -- 


1^ 


"^  °  ^ 


P<-\ 


^^  c  .\.  .>rl- 


^ 


^  ^   f^:r^ Q- 


^^^^ 


Ui 


a 


-  V" 


V-c=) 


^ 


q  ^ 


I  .I'io  ^  ^  Xcr  M.c  U 


^11. 


'\y\  .-v-  • 


^  <• 


'^^  I)  - 


^ 


^ 


Vo 


\y'  ^,,,  ,^^  </" 


> 


^    ^  I 


T?::^ 


-a. 


\ 


i^.^-=l-.^^4-^ 


w.  D.K..- 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography.  43 

52.  Shn,  when  standing  alone,  must  always 
be  written  down,  and  In,  when  standing  alone, 
must  always  be  written  up.  Otherwise  they  are 
liable  to  be  misread :  shn  taken  for  shr  and  In  for 
wl.  These  forms  are  distinct  when  joined  to 
other  consonants,  and  may  be  written  either  up 
or  down. 

Exercise  XXIII. 

Last  Saturday  morning  we  got  on  the  train  at 
nine  o'clock,  and  our  ride  from  town  to  the  river, 
though  brief,  was  very  enjoyable.  There  was 
some  rain  in  the  early  morning,  which  gave  a 
freshness  to  the  green  grass  and  trees.  It  was 
only  half  past  nine  when  we  got  to  the  river,  so 
we  had  time  to  catch  some  nice  fish  for  dinner. 
It  was  fine  fun  to  dine  on  the  grass  in  the  valley 
at  the  foot  of  the  cliff.  There  was  a  very  black 
cloud  came  up  all  of  a  sudden,  which  caused  us 
to  run  to  a  cave  in  the  cliff.  While  we  were  in 
the  cave  we  had  a  jolly  time,  for  we  had  no  fear 
of  the  storm.  If  we  go  there  again,  we  will  take 
care  to  keep  near  the  cave  in  the  cliff,  so  we  can 
take  shelter,  should  there  be  a  storm.  On  our 
way  back  the  train  was  delayed  two  or  three 
hours,  and  it  was  eleven  o'clock  when  we  got  to 
town  and  it  was  twelve  ere  we  got  to  bed.  Our 
usual  bedtime  is  nine,  so  we  had  to  slumber  an 
hour  or  so  longer  the  next  morning.  The  cause 
of  the  delay,  as  given  by  the  train  crew,  was  due 
to  a  washout  on  the  road  some  ten  miles  from 
where  we  were  fishing. 

Note. — Do  not  pass  over  the  foregoing  exercise  until 
you  can  write  it  from  dictation  at  the  rate  of  fifty  words 
per  minute,  omitting  all  vowels  and  diphthongs,  beintj 
careful  to  write  each  word  iu  its  proper  position,  neatly 
and  accurately. 


44  Complete  Manual  of  Plionograpliy. 

TioN  AND  TivE  Hooks. 
53.  The  termination  -tion,  -sion,  -cian,  -sian, 
cion,  etc.,  is  represented  by  a  large  final  hook, 
written  on  the  inside  of  all  curves.  When  the 
tion  hook  follows  a  simple  straight  stroke,  it  is 
written  on  the  opposite  side  to  the  last  or  ac- 
cented vowel  in  the  word. 


^ 


>      '^^       ^      '-^       \^       V:> 

passion,  option,  auction,  occasion,  portion,  fashion. 

54.  When  -tion  follows  a  straight  stroke 
which  begins  with  a  hook,  circle,  or  loop,  or 
springs  from  a  curve,  the  hook  is  written  on  the 
opposite  side  to  preserve  the  straightness  of  the 
stroke. 

^    ^    i^ <s^ 'C^  , 

section,  Grecian,  accretion,  vocation,  elocution. 

55.  After  T,  D,  and  J,  not  beginning  with  a 
hook,  circle,  or  loop,  the  -tion  hook  is  written  on 
the  right-hand  side,  irrespective  of  the  vowels. 

rotation,  addition,  magician,  notation,  erudition. 

56.  When  -tion  follows  the  circle  S  or  XS,  it  is 
represented  by  continuing  the  stroke  on  the  other 
side  of  the  consonant  and  forming  a  small  hook 
on  the  opposite  side.  This  back  hook  may  be  vo- 
calized by  writing  a  second-place  vowel  (when  it 
comes  between  the  S  and  the  -tion)  on- the  outside 
of  the  hook,  and  a  third-place  vowel  inside  of  the 
hook.  A  first-place  vowel  never  occurs  between 
S  and  the  syllable  tion. 


'V,      \, 


opposition,  possession,  transition,     relaxation. 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography.  45 

57.  When  two  distinct  vowels  occur  im- 
niediately  before  -tion,  write  the  sh  and  the  n 
hook  in  order  to  accommodate  the  vowels,  if 
necessary. 


situation,  extenuation,  valuation,  insinuation. 
58.  The  termination  -tive  or  -tively  is  ex- 
pressed by  making  an  elongated  hook  on  the 
right-hand  side  of  straight  down-strokes;  on 
either  side  of  k  and  g.  On  t,  d,  and  j,  not  begin- 
ning with  a  circle,  loop,  or  hook,  -tive  is  written 
on  the  left-hand  side.  This  hook  is  also  written 
on  the  inside  of  all  curves. 


motive,    native,    elective,    actively,    relatively. 
Circles  Added  to  Final  Hooks. 

59.  The  circle  or  loop  is  added  to  n,  at- 
tached to  a  straight  consonant,  by  writing  the 
circle  or  loop  on  the  same  side  as  the  hook,  and 
thus  turning  the  hook  into  a  circle  or  loop.  Ses  is 
added  to  the  n  hook  in  the  same  wav. 

d-    A    I    J     >N  '  ^.  . 

tenses,  dances,  danced,  dance,  punster,  spinster. 

60.  The  circle  represents  S  only,  between  two 
consonants  forming  an  angle ;  therefore,  when  ns 
occurs  in  the  middle  of  a  word,  both  letters  must 
be  shown;  and,  if  a  vowel  follows  n  or  st  at  the 
end  of  a  word,  the  stroke  n  or  t  must  be  written. 

.^^     ^ tfT^    ij>   Ig* 

ransom,  lonesome,  handsome,  density,  transitive. 


-i^ 


46  Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 

6i.  The  -tion  and  -tive  hooks  may  be  used  in 
the  middle  of  a  word,  when  the  following  stroke 
will  make  a  good  joining  or  sharp  angle. 

u-  1   -^  -  . 

Dictionary,  activity,  auctioneer,  exceptional-ly. 

62.  The  circle  S  is  added  to  the  n,  -tion,  and 
-tive  hooks  following  a  curved  stroke,  and  to  the 
-tion,  -tive,  and  f  or  v  hooks,  after  a  straight 
stroke,  by  making  a  small  circle  inside  the  hook. 

,^  vP  vg^  (p       ^L-JW 

fines,   nations,   natives,    drives,   captives,   puffs. 

63.  When  ST  follows  the  -tion  hook,  it  is  ex- 
pressed by  writing  the  stroke  s  one-half  its  usual 
length,  which  may  be  written  up  or  down. 

-^.     /\? •  A.^     -?  . 

excursionist,  libera tionist,  Salvationist,  actionist. 

64.  In  order  to  distinguish  between  the 
sound  of  ns  and  nz  after  a  curved  consonant,  the 
stroke  n  must  be  used  for  the  sound  of  ns,  and  the 
hook  for  the  sound  of  nz ;  with  the  exception  of  L 
when  following  another  stroke,  the  hook  is  used 
for  the  sound  of  either  ns  or  nz. 


vans,  vance,  means,  mince,  balance,  Romans,  fans. 

65.  The  large  circle  SES  and  the  loops  ST 
and  STR  cannot  be  written  inside  of  the  small  n 
or  f  hook;  therefore,  uses,  nst,  nstr,  etc.,  follow- 
ing a  curved  consonant,  must  be  expressed  by 
writing  the  stroke  n  or  f  with  the  large  circle  ot 
loop. 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography.  47 


EXERCISE   XXIV. 


^^.-^^ 


-^^V'-^^/'-^/^p"'"  "^\ 


\    ^      ^    •      V  ..^  ,  ^. 


°  c  °  ■  _.-v^^^-^^  -> 


^.<i? 


'~^-,/<f-    o-    V</1 


k=^ 


V 


^^=^4^^_^_^i_iJ^A^ 


M,,  '^ 


.^;.  -^   ( ,  -^T?_  C 


;r-^  -  ^-^^  (T 


(    '  -  ^    "^  -^ 


^-  •::^b'  -^ 


.^ ^ 


\^,  ,-^-,  \.^\^..r  ■  r- 


^^^ 


-2> ^ 


^     ~~^        V  v     ^    c     6 


(?  Nr-^.-  K^r^  "  ^.^,  -'„>^ 


-^ ^^ —       ^-      W.D.X   • 


\^    Above 
advise 


I, 

L 


advice 
advises  ^  v 
advices  '^  ' 
advantage  ■, 


48  Complete  Manual  of  Phonography 

Finally  Hooked  Logograms. 

J  Doctrine(i) 

^^^       J  done 

J  down  (3) 

^  Even  (3) 

{^    allowance (.^)  — :>  Gave 

r   alone  J  general-ly 

again,  gain    ^  generation 

^Ti   atubition(i)    — ^  gone  (i) 

J     at  once  (i)    \^  Happen(i) 

\i   approve-d(i)      0  happiness(i) 

\     Been  ^  Heaven 

\     bind       (i)    J  Imagine(i) 


\combine-d 
bound  (3) 

\j    before  (3) 
\  brief  (3) 

: — ^  Careful-ly 

L     Dif!icult-y 

(3) 


/     imagina- 
C       tion      (i) 

^— g>  imposition 

informa- 
^^      tion      (i) 
^   Learn-ed 

\^   Nation 


None, 
"^--^  known 

^  Often  (i)     ■ 

y/^  our  own(3) 

^^^  opinion  (i) 

I    out  of  (3) 
I       Phonogra- 
^     phy 
\j  proof 

\^  prove  (3) 

y  Religion(3) 

^  Suggestive 

(y    suggestion 

C    Than  (I) 

C    then. 

\j    truthful-ly 

\    Upon 

(^    Within  (3) 
c/^Win(3) 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography.  49 

Exercise  XXV. 

The  Spanish  Revolution. 
Prior  to  the  year  1898  a  large  portion  of  the 
population  of  Cuba  was  suffering  from  the  opera- 
tion of  oppression  and  the  exactions  of  the  law. 
The  natives  were  under  the  jurisdiction  and  per- 
secution of  the  nation  of  Spain.  Commerce  and 
production  being  stationary,  the  natives  wrote 
petitions  to  the  Queen  for  the  reduction  of  the 
violations  and  evasions  and  the  abolition  of  un- 
fair taxation.  The  refusal  of  the  Queen  to  give 
attention  to  their  petitions  caused  grave  commo- 
tion and  agitation,  and  a  succession  of  sensational 
actions  followed.  Passion  and  opposition  drove 
the  natives  to  revolution;  and,  upon  reflection, 
we  are  forced  to  the  admission  of  some  justifica- 
tion of  their  actions  in  the  adoption  of  revolu- 
tionary measures.  In  June,  1898,  our  Army  was 
taken  to  Cuba,  and  their  participation  in  the 
revulsion  was  the  occasion  of  k  new  legislation, 
which  provides  for  the  promotion  of  the  natives, 
whose  motives  were  the  restoration  of  peace  and 
the  protection  of  their  national  organizations, 
and  which  was  followed  by  the  annexation  of 
Cuba  in  1 900. 

REVIEW. 

1 .  By  what  sign  is  n  added  to  the  consonants? 

2.  To  what  consonants  is  the  f  or  v  hook  added  ? 

3.  How  may  a  circle  or  loop  be  added  to  these 

hooks  after  a  straight  letter?  after  a  curve? 

4.  How  is  tion  written  after  a  straight  letter  not 

beginning  with  a  hook,  circle,  or  loop? 

5.  How  is  tion  represented  after  circle  s  or  ns? 

6.  How  is  the  termination  tive  represented  ? 

7.  How  is  tion  expressed  when  two  vowels  con:c 

immediately  before  it? 


50  Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 

LESION  6. 
The  Halving  Principle. 

66.  A  single  thin  consonant  standing  alone, 
and  made  one-half  its  usual  length,  indicates  the 
addition  of  t  only.  A  shaded  consonant  standing 
standing  alone,  when  halved,  expresses  the  addi- 
tion of  d  only.  When  a  vowel  follows  a  half- 
sized  letter,  it  is  read  before  t  or  d  added  by 
halving— that  is,  the  t  or  d  added  by  halving  is 
read  last,  except  the  circle  s  or  st  loop,  which  is 
always  read  last. 

pate,  dead,  net,    nets,  mate,  mates,  pates,  wits. 

67.  The  four  half-length  curves  mt,  nt,  It,  and 
rt  are  shaded  for  the  addition  of  d.  The  two  shaded 
forms  Id  and  rd  are  always  written  down,  and  are 
only  used  when  these  two  consonants  immedi- 
ately succeed  each  other.  When  a  vowel  comes 
between  those  two  consonants,  the  full  outline 
must  be  written.  The  two  half-lengths  md  and 
nd,  shaded,  may  be  used  if  a  vowel  does  or  does 
not  come  between  the  two  consonants.  Ray,  when 
standing  alone  or  with  the  circle  s  only  added, 
should  never  be  halved  for  t ;  but,  when  joined  to 
other  strokes,  it  is  distinct,  and  will  not  be  mis- 
taken for  should. 


^g. 


\r     Vc-     ^^ 


made,  aimed,  send,  needs,    felt,   failed,  followed. 

68.     The  four  shaded  curves  mp,  ng,  ler,  and 

rer  do  not  admit  of  being  halved  for  t  or  d.     Mp 

and  ng  may  be  halved  for  t  or  d  when  hooked. 

^     ^     ^-      ^-    r^-. 

angered,  hampered,  impend,  slumbered,  lingered. 


Complete  Manual  of  Phondgravhy.  51 

69.  Either  t  or  d  may  be  added  by  halving: 
In  words  of  one  syllable  when  the  stroke  ends 
with  a  hook  or  with  a  circle  formed  on  a  hook, 
(a)  In  words  of  more  than  one  syllable  when  the 
half-length    consonant    follows    another    stroke. 

V      \:>     ^'      c-i.        V;>        v^         vs   ^ 

paint,  paved,  credit,  crowded,  vent,  find,  faint. 

70.  When  a  half-length  stroke  ends  with  a 
hook,  the  stroke  is  read  first,  then  the  hook,  and 
then  what  is  added  by  halving,  and  then  s  or  st, 
if  any. 

71.  Two  half-length  strokes,  or  two  strokes 
of  unequal  length,  must  not  be  joined  unless  there 
is  an  angle  between  them,  or  one  heavy  and  the 
other  Ught. 

fact,  cooked,  looked,  midnight,  afford,  minutes. 

72.  The  past  tense  of  verbs  ending  in  t  or  d 
is  written  by  halving  the  last  stroke.  Verbs 
written  with  a  half-length,  ending  with  an  n 
hook  in  the  present  tense,  are  written  with  the 
stroke  n  in  the  past  tense,  unless  the  word  begins 
with  an  1  hooked  letter,  when  the  hook  must  be 

•used  to  preserve  the  straightness  of  the  stroke. 

V    KA-    %.    '^.   %   y. 

part,    parted,    print,    printed,    plant,    planted. 

73.  In  order  to  avoid  long,  perpendicular 
outlines,  write  the  half-length  t  or  d  at  the  side 
of  the  straight  down-stroke.  The  half-length 
Way,  after  another  stroke,  is  used  as  a  con- 
traction for  "ward,"  and  the  half-length  Yea 
for  "yard." 

■P.,    r, I; ^_  v^  . 

situated,    dreaded,    dated,f  forward,*  brickyard 


52  Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 


EXEKCISK   XXVI. 


(      V 


i^ 


0_     -»■      \       \<^       ^  ^^  .  /      v^  .- 


I    -   <     .    f    .   -.-  ^<    .  )   f  .1 


i=£_^ 


.^2l. 


1..     ^       (,        P      ^ 


.^    y^       ^      i       r^^ 


^-Ar 


Zl 


1 


V'    ^    ^i'^    r^    C 


i     i    "^ 


V^ 


v._9 


'-' — r^r- 


c/^ 


i-iL 


I  u 


±_L 


V-      /-"      V\      -     )^-^: 


^^      r^      )     K^^>    ^    ^^-^ 


A. 


--  ^    ■  "  -  ^  J    '  ^  '^-i  - 


^^^ 


T 


1^  p 


X    I    ^     i.   — ,    M   .1    ,   ,^^f; 


:k 


\ 


-^  A  .r^  <L .  .  ^  \  ^ 


'^  -x 


M   ^    ^    /^ 


g       ^ 


^\ ,  ..-^  y- 


V  ^^  ^  <  •  ^ 


■V 


^ 


'  Vu  W.  p.  K.      ^^ 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 
Half-length  Logograms. 


53 


\ 

About  (3) 

—  God  (i) 

^  Sent 

c— 

(1) 
according-to 

gentleman 

"^              (0 

<Lj>  send 

— i 

account 

J   gentlemen 

J>   short  (i) 

^ 

after  (i) 

—  good 

'X  spirit 

rxi 

amount 

c-  guard  (i) 

CT—  secret 

^ 

art  (i) 

(T-  great 

C    That(i) 

able  to 
Building 
Called  (i) 

c—  gold 

v^  Hand  (i) 

(    thought  (i) 
9    third 

c- 

c— 

cared 
cart  (i) 

"*  happened 
r  Let 

P    till  it,  told 
n    toward, 
'    trade 

/" 

child  (i) 

r  %ht  (i) 

1    tried  (i) 

cold 
could 

cannot,    /  ,^ 
kind        ^'' 

^-^  May  not 

^  met      ^  ^ 
^->  meet-ing 

Under,  end 
^^  hundred  (3) 
c/*  Want  (i) 

</*  went,  wind 

t 

Did 

^_^  Nature 

i    without 

J 

did  not 

s^  not  (i) 

Cy  white  i) 

J 

do  not     ,  ^ 
had  not  ^^ 

Opportu- 
^    nity 

■^    word 

C— 

Equalled 

'\  Particular(r 

^    Yard  (i) 

^ 

Freight 
fruit 

C-  Quite  (i) 

^   yet 

54  Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 

Exercise  XXVII. 

He  says  that  he  made  these  things  and  put 
them  in  their  places.  It  is  quite  hkely  that  he 
went  to  work  soon  after  the  gentleman  called. 
The  Lord  is  as  good  as  He  is  great.  If  it  were  not 
for  his  good  nature,  we  would  be  inclined  to  let 
the  opportunity  pass.  It  is  of  little  use  to  ask 
him  what  he  will  do.  He  has  not  been  here  since 
Sunday.  He  may  not  pay  the  amount  until  it  is 
too  late  to  be  of  benefit  to  you.  They  cared 
not  so  much  whether  he  went  or  stayed.  Let 
them  go  on  with  their  work,  arid  do  not  tell  them 
what  you  thought  about  it.  Let  us,  in  the  spirit 
of  truthfulness,  be  particular  when  we  read  from 
the  Word  of  God.  That  is  what  I  told  you  to 
do,  and  what  I  thought  you  did.  We  do  not 
think  that  it  will  be  kind  in  him  to  act  in 
that  way  toward  them.  He  did-not  do  those 
things  till-it  was  too  late  to-be  of  service  to  us. 
We  will  not  mind  what  he  says,  without  he  gives 
better  reasons  than  those  he  has  given.  We 
might  say  that  it  has  not  been  called  for,  and 
will  not  be  for  some  time.  It  is  an  ill  wind 
that  blows  nobody  good.  Kind  acts  are  not 
to-be  forgotten.  Great  fish  cannot  be  caught  in 
little  ponds.  Better  go  to  bed  without  supper 
than  to  rise  in  debt. 

Looking  up  at  the  sky,  upon  a  clear  evening, 
I  have  sometimes  thought  I  could  trace  a  re- 
semblance between  the  stars  and  the  words  of 
our  language.  The  Pole  Star,  which  is  always  in 
sight  when  the  night  is  free  from  clouds,  I  take  as 
the  word  THE,  which,  like  the  North  Star,  is  al- 
ways in  sight  when  your  writing  is  clear,  it  being, 
of  all  known  words,  great  or  small,  the  most 
frequently  used. 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography.  55 

LESSON  7. 
The  Aspirate  H. 

74.  H  is  represented  four  ways  in  Pho- 
nography : 

I  St.  By  the  alphabetic  sign,  written  up  or 
down,  which  may  be  used  before  all  the  strokes, 
except  S,  M,  upward  L,  downward  R,  MP,  and 
RER;  and  may  be  written  before  L  and  R,  when 
the  L  or  R  is  followed  by  a  Vowel. --. 

2d.  By  a  "Tick,"  prefixed  to  the  consonants 
S,  M,  upward  L,  downward  R,  K,  G,  MP,  RER, 
and  sometimes  to  Pr,  Br,  Tnr.  The  tick  H  is 
always  read  first,  and  is  never  written  medially 
or  finally. 

•{.     ^' i^ '^ -2^ ^^ J A'JS 

hiss,  him>  hill,  hack,  hog,  hemp,  hearer,  Hebrew. 

3d.  By  a  dot  before  a  vowel,  but  the  vowel 
before  which  the  dot  is  written  must  be  followed 
by  a  consonant — that  is,  the  dot  H  cannot  be 
written  before  a  final  vowel.  The  dot  H  is  only 
used  in  words  where  it  mav  be  safely  omitted, 
and  the  outline  used  as  a  logogram. 

•V   V   V-^  "^  v^ 

half,  uphill,  blockhead,  manhood,  happily,  handy. 
4th.  When  stroke  H  follows  another  conso- 
nant it  may  be  written  either  up  or  down,  and 
must  be  so  joined  that  the  up-stroke  will  not 
be  read  sr,  or  the  down  stroke  sch.  When  H  fol- 
lows the  circle  S,  it  is  indicated  by  making  a  large 
circle  at  the  junction  of  the  two  strokes. 

behave,  Mahew,  outhouse,  unhitch,  dishearten. 


56  Complete  Manual  of  PJi^onograpJiy. 


BXEBCISE  XXVin. 


^.■,  »  s 


/^r^ — r  ^^  ^  - 


i^ 


^-1 


^  I 


^-  ^  ^  c  .  r  . .  .  n 


^^^  '  L_  g 


^^    \    V>  >  1  c  r 'Tl 


'   ^^    ^  .v^ 


-^^^ 


r^ 


^^.  ^   ^^ 


V 


X 


<-•  f  > 


.-^ 


'^ 


^ 


.^ i^^L. 


C    -^     Ir.-X 


■^,,--:^ 


^ 


'.'::^--4- 


V 


»    — 


)      '     /.^ 


_U 


I    ./CI- 


c    v 


^ 


^        O        '^,      /      \       ^         U      ^ 


X^^.^^^-^n      ^ 


UX 


iF^ 


^-^ 


-^ 


V 


w.o.^. 


<  — 


d^. 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography.  57 

Exercise  X^IX. 

1.  Hannah,  heavy,  hush,  hatch,  hung,  hang, 
hop.  Hindoo,  hide,  heed,  hamper,  hazel,  had- 
dock, hero.  Harry,  ahead,  haggle,  hardy,  ham- 
mer, hobble,  hot.     Hustle,  husk,  hearth,  hurry. 

2.  Hymen,  hymn,  homily,  hump,  horror,- 
hilarity.  Horn,  hazy,  hirer,  hull,  here,  horse, 
hemp,  hurl.     Hague,  hackney,  wholesale,  hoax. 

3.  Heaven,  happy,  uphill,  happiness,  appre- 
hend.    Handy,    perhaps,    manhood,    blockhead. 

4.  Sahara,  cohere,  warehouse,  cohesion,  be- 
hind. Behave,  upheave,  overhaul,  rehearse,  cof- 
feehouse.    Nahash,  Jehovah,  adhesive,  outhouse. 

In  the  Indian  Territory  there  is  a  little  town 
by  the  name  of  Hugo,  and  the  people  there  are 
far  from  being  unhealthy.  These  honest,  homely 
people,  for  the  most  part,  make  their  living  by 
hunting  and  fishing.  At  one  time  there  was  a 
hotel  there,  so  I  was  told  by  Mr.  Mahew,  and  the 
name  of  the  owner  was  Hogg ;  and  that  he  would 
saddle  his  horse  and  ride  up-hill  to  his  warehouse 
and  rehearse  his  bill  of  fare.  Now,  in  place  of  the 
warehouse  on  the  hill,  there  stands  a  coffeehouse^ 
where  you  can  spend  a  pleasant  holiday,  perhaps, 
the  whole  year  around.  In  the  summer  you  may 
hunt  and  fish;  but  you  must  take  heed  of  the 
hisses  of  the  horrible  reptiles  that  haunt  the  hills. 
And  in  other  seasons  you  can  chase  the  hare  with 
hounds,  or  hunt  the  deer,  which  are  very  plentiful 
there.  Here  are  one  hundred  thousand  acres  of 
good  land  that  have  not  so  much  as  been  cleared 
up,  but  have  been  kept  for  a  hunting-ground,  and 
in  which  are  many  high  hills  and  lovely  valleys; 
through  which  run  numerous  streams  of  pure, 
clear  water,  out  of  w^hich  may  be  caught  the  finest 
fish  of  many  kinds. 


58  Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 

DOUBIvE-IvENGTH  PrINCIPIvE. 

75.  A  curved  consonant  written  twice  its 
usual  length  expresses  the  addition  of  tr,  dr,  thr, 
THr,  except  h,  when  not  hooked  initially  or 
joined  to  another  stroke,  is  lengthened  to  express 
tr  only,  and  where  dr  or  THr  follows  L,  the  hooked 
letter  dr  or  THr  should  be  written. 

^  /^  V  .^  ^  n. 

latter,    letter,    father,    mother,    ladder,    leather. 

76.  When  NG  and  MP  are  written  twice 
their  usual  length,  they  become  ng-ger,  ng-ker, 
mp-per,  mb-ber;  but  the  hooked  letters  ngr  and 
mpr  are  more  convenient  for  verbs,  because  they 
can  readily  be  halved  for  the  past  tense. 

j6^    \^  r-"  r^  ^^  -Ar 

chamber,  temper,  linger,  lingered,  cumber,  cumbered. 

77.  A  straight  stroke  ending  with  a  hook  or 
following  another  consonant,  when  made  twice  its 
usual  length,  adds  tr  or  dr  only.  The  length- 
ening principle  does  not  apply  to  an  initial 
straight  stroke,  unless  it  ends  with  a  hook,  or  a 
circle  formed  on  a  hook.  It  does  not  apply  to 
p,  pr,  etc. 

\\  .^ A  I 

planter,  painter,  encounter,  pointer,  tender,  render. 

78.  When  the  present  tense  of  a  verb  is  writ- 
ten with  the  double-length,  write  the  past  tense 
with  the  half-length  principle. 

wonder,  wondered,render,  rendered,order,  ordered. 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography.  59 

79.     In  a  few  common  words  it  is  allowable  to 
double  a  consonant  to  express  the  syllable  -ture. 


future, picture, venture,  rapture,  signature.feature. 


80.  When  a  word  ends  with  a  vowel  pre- 
ceded by  tr,  fr,  thr,  THr,  these  consonants  must 
be  written,  and  not  indicated  by  doubling.  The 
circle  S  at  the  end  of  a  double-length  stroke  is 
always  read  last. 


^ 


% 


g~i-^ 


3x 


hr 


flatter,  flattery,  sunder,  sundry,  feather,  feathery. 


Double-Length  Logograms. 


Another.  ^ 

in  the 

re 

Enter 

neither 


'^    Further  (3) 


from  the 


'-N.  Order  (i) 
/?  Render 

'^    There-,  , 
J      fr.^^    (3) 


fore 


Wander(i) 


^/^Wonder-ful 

y' winter  (3)- 
writer 
y^    rather 


^ 


Yonder  (i) 


Note. — Read  the  following  exercise  over  several 
times,  until  you  can  read  it  just  like  print  and  then 
have  it  read  to  you,  and  you  write  it  as  rapidly  as  pos- 
sible, but  neatly  and  accurately,  and  in  the  proper  posi- 
tions. Do  not  sacrifice  accuracy  for  speed.  Keep  your 
outlines  near  the  line  and  well  spaced.  Crowded  writing 
is  hard  to  read. 


60  Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 


'^^^   ''■ 


EXEBCISE  XXX. 


-i-A. 


J-^ 


jL_L 


^ 


L. 


6- 


/    ^      Jr-P^ 


>      S.  • 


^r  '  -- V. 


:^ 


I-     I    ^^    -N    ^ 


>  r — is-2. 


\j. 


\^ 


~^,-^  •  -,  c  c    I 


<^^  r  - 1  ^  ^  ^^ 


^  -  /  ^^ 


>  /'z  Vq  ^  ^  I 


<v^ 


t;^ 


X 


Xr 


"^    «-^.. 


^    -^ 


\v^ 


^^^. 


^ 


V 


^  "^  -•  ^  --^ 


A^ 


i£L 


^■X^'rX 


^ 


i^ 


IX. 


c  - 


^^, /^ 


i. 


V      [   _n>    I      P     I     )    <)    ^-^     ^^ 


^^.\^  --  N^  r^,  - .  r  ^  ^ 


-^^  V  ^^  V, .  -^  .  r  '  "  ■  —  ^ 


■^ 


^^v^-^ 


\     \    /     A 


U  ^    .(  ^  .  ^    ,  ( 


^ 


W-  .  Uv.^,/(  _c  '-^> 


^-'^-M-/-. 


yi 


r^— ^ 


W-D^K.      ^ 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography.  61 

■Exercise  XXXI. 

Anger,  angered,  drinker,  drunkard,  Anderson, 
December,  Typewriter,  September,  diameter, 
umber.  Surrender,  surrendered,  material,  tem- 
per, lumber.  Slander,  swifter,  order,  ordered, 
tender,  center. 

A  boy  gets  mad  at  what  his  mother  says,  and 
mutters  to  himself  about  it.  He  put  a  stamp  on 
his  letter  and  gave  it  to  the  mail-carrier.  He  is  a 
very  ambitious  man,  and  should  become  a  sen- 
ator. All  children  should  obey  their  father  and 
mother.  They  will  anchor  the  ships  in  the  harbor 
near  one  another;  neither  will  they  let  them  get 
marred  in  their  swaying  to  and  fro.  On  April  8th 
we  wrote  you  in  regard  to  the  matter  referred  to 
in  your  letter  of  March  15th.  It  is  a  well-known 
saying  that  murder  will  come  out  in  time.  The 
reporter  will  call  on  the  senator,  and  render  his 
bill  for  services  rendered.  They  gave  him  oysters 
and  crackers,  and  told  him  to  eat  heartily.  The 
writer  will  mail  the  letters  on  Monday  next.  The 
entire  matter  will  come  up  at  the  next  session  of 
the  Council.  No  person  can  tell  us  whether  they 
will  go  away  or  stay  the  remainder  of  the  month. 
He  was  in-their  place  of  business  the  other  day, 
but  neither  of  them  were  there,  so  he  received  no 
orders  for  future  delivery.  Another  party  will 
call  on  them  in  a  day  or  two  and  get  the  orders. 
We  wish  you  would  put  your  signature  on  all  let- 
ters addressed  to  us  in  the  future,  as  we  encounter 
much  difhculty  from-their  not  being  signed. 


62  Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 

LESSON  8. 

The  Prefixes. 

8i.     The  prefix  con  or  com  is  expressed  by 
writing  a  light  dot  at  the  beginning  of  a  word. 

\.      J-     "^"     '?     V  . 

complete,  content,  comply,  consider,  composition. 
82.  When  preceded  by  a  consonant,  either  in 
the  same  or  preceding  word,  con,  com,  cog,  coun, 
or  cum,  is  indicated  by  writing  the  syllable  or 
word  that  follows,  close  to  or  under,  the  conso- 
nant or  word  that  precedes. 


f 


'^^^ 


reconsider,uncommon,recognize,  just-commenced. 
83.     Accom  or  accum  is  expressed  by  writing 
a  light  dash  above  the  following  syllable. . 


^ 


I L 


accomplish,  accompany,  accommodate,  accommodation. 

84.  Inter,  intro,  enter,  is  expressed  by  a  half- 
length  N  disjoined,  or  it  may  be  joined,  when  con- 
venient, to  the  following  stroke. 

internal,    introduction,    enterprise,    interrogate. 

85.  Magni,  magna,  is  expressed  by  writing 
a  disjoined  M  before  or  above  the  following 
syllable. 


"^        V.        V^ 


magnanimous,  magnify,  magnitude,  magnificence 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography.  63 

86.  The  prefix  "self"  may  be  expressed  by 
writing  a  small  circle  before  a  word,  or  it  may 
sometimes  be  joined  to  the  following  stroke.  It 
may  also  be  disjoined  at  the  beginning  of  a  stroke 
to  express  the  syllable  con  or  com  between  them. 

o  o 


.cr~\ 


self-same,     selfish,     self-control,     self-composed 

87.  The  prefix  "in,"  before  spr,  skr,  str,  si, 
and  h,  may  be  expressed  by  writing  a  small  back 
hook  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  stroke  to  that  of 
the  circle. 

inspire,    inscribe,    instruct,    insolvent,    inhabit. 
Exercise  XXXII. 


.c^ 


64  Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 

Exercise  XXXIII. 
Contrive,  constrain,  compose,  comply,  com- 
plain. Complex,  conform,  comprise,  condition, 
compress.  Conduce,  discontent,  inconvenient, 
inconsiderate.  Discompose,  encounter,  recom- 
mended, recognizable.  Recommend,  circum- 
stance, contribute,  condensed.  Will-commence, 
accomplish,  accomplice,  accompany.  Interfere, 
introduction,  intercessor,  enterprise.  Magnifi- 
cent, magnitude,  magniloquent,  magnified.  Self- 
esteem,  selfishness,  self-respect,  self-love.  Inspi- 
ration, inscription,  instrument,  insolvency. 
Suffixes. 

88.  In  addition  to  the  stroke,  ing  is  expressed " 
by  a  light  dot  at  the  end  of  a  word;  after  p,  t, 
ch,  j,  k,  g,  f,  V,  the  downward  r.  It,  and  the  circle 
ns,  the  dot  ing  is  the  best.  After  all  cur^^es 
(except  f,  V,  1,  and  downward  r)  the  circle  s,  b, 
and  the  straight  up-strokes,  the  stroke  ing  is  the 
most  convenient. 

..  fr\    '[    \ V <^^    ^.  l>x 

hoping,    eating,    being,    writing,    having,    doing. 

89.  -ings  or  -ingly  is  expressed  by  writing  a 
light  dash  at  the  end  of  a  word,  written  at  right 
angle  with  the  stroke;  near  to,  but  not  touching. 


<3-2 


— ^J^ *<^ 


paintings,    exceedingly,    surroundings,    jestingly. 
90.     -ility,  -ality,  -arity,  etc.,  is  expressed  by 
disjoining  the  consonant  that  comes  immediately 
before  -ility,  -ality,  -arity,  etc. 

liability,    locality,    majority,    novelty,    nobility. 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography.  65 

91.  The  phrase  -ing-you,  may  be  expressed 
by  U,  written  under  or  near  to  the  preceding  word. 

-- 

thanking  you.asking  you,  trusting  you,  giving  you. 

92.  -lyis  expressed  by  disjoining  1  when  it  is 
not  convenient  to  join  it.  This  suffix  does  not 
interfere  with  -ility,  -ahty,  -arity,  etc. 

^:^    S.-  ^^  '-^  "^^ 

friendly,   confidently,   instantly,    greatly,    freely. 

It  is  sometimes  easier  to  combine  the  1  with 

the  preceding  stroke  by  using  the  initial  1  hook. 

93.  The  suffix  -mental,  -mentality,  is  ex- 
pressed by  disjoining  ment.  The  half-length  N 
may  be  employed  as  a  contraction  for  ment,  after 
n,  the  stroke  n  and  circle  s,  or  a  final  hook. 


Vo. 


r^    \^ 


fundHinenlal.    instrumentality,  pavement,   resentment. 

94.  ship  is  expressed  by  disjoining  sh ;  but 
in  most  cases  sh  can  be  joined  and  express  ship. 
A  disjoined  fs  is  used  for  the  suffix  -fulness,  and  a 
disjoined  Is  is  used  to  express  -lessness. 

-^ — ^      K    -^^ 

friendship,   scholarship,   usefulness,   carelessness. 

95.  Self  and  selves  are  expressed  by  dis- 
joining the  circle  s  and  ses.  In  most  cases,  how- 
ever, the  circle  may  be  joined  and  express  self  or 
selves. 

.J^ ^      ^       o    ^^ 

yourself,  themselves,  himself,  ourselves,  myself. 


66  Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 


ntL. 


EXERCISE    XXXIV. 


ZL 


■    p  ^  c  F  > 


i 


^o     ,\ 


y^  .^  )  l>  ^  !^  V 


S     Q     l^~\  Ti. 


"^^  >  ^^'^  ^>\,-i).ri- 


\r.  .  ^N  -  .  V 


o  -^j U^ 


^ 


^  ^^  —  "  "^z^'"  ^ 


.^     Q 


im^ 


W^.^ 


^ 


7  /^.  "  \  /  \  ^/ 


-«— -^ ICS V— « ■-^>" 


.  V 


^ 


Ar^ 


7^ 


L3  -.a:;^:'--^  0  X  -^  . 


if- 


'■^)   ^ 


■"^       ^    )       ^  <L.jy 


v^ 


V- 


T^ 


1_=P 


1_.        "^ 


i^ 


Vy^"'  1  ^  ry''^  r. 


(^  r? 


li 


c_ 


L( i^ 


V 


1_Z. 


.12. 


:?^ 


f^ 


X 


/^ 


^ 


U 


.^^ — ^£*=- 


L  ^  0\C 


W.U.k'. 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography.  67 

Exercise  XXXV. 

Weeping,  hoping,  eating,  having,  riding, 
doing. 

Thawing,  missing,  adding,  terrifying,  thiev- 
ing. 

Following,  accounting,  reading,  writing, 
being. 

4.  Boring,    knowingly,    longings,    doings,    turn- 

ings. 

5.  Barbarity,  peculiarity,  brutality,  singularity. 

6.  Announcement,  rudimental,  hardship,  lead- 
ership. 

Heavenly,  instantly,  sternly,  vainly,  friendly. 

Oneself,  yourself,  herself,  myself,  themselves. 

It  is  said  the  art  of  dancing  is  of  great  an- 
tiquity, and  that  men  and  women  have  accus- 
tomed themselves  to  dancing  from  the  earliest 
dawn  of  history.  The  art  is  customary  among 
those  who  are  in  the  lowest  depths  of  barbarity; 
and  with  the  majority  of  savages  dancing  has 
more  popularity  than  with  the  civilized  races. 
With  such  people  dancing  is  not  associated  with 
juvenility  or  gentility,  but  is  a  part  of  their  na- 
tional life.  It  has  a  sacramental  applicability, 
and  then  the  rejoicing  over  some  victory  is  shown 
in  the  turnings  and  windings  of  the  national 
dance.  Among  those  tribes  noted  for  barbarity, 
brutality,  and  recklessness,  the  dance  is  the 
heralding  of  resentment  and  the  commencement 
of  fighting.  The  carelessness  or  the  carefulness 
of  the  people  can  only  decide  how  long  dancing 
will  hold  its  place  before  some  other  achievements 
are  instrumental  in  winning  fame  and  taking  the 
place  of  dancing. 


68  Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 

LESSON  9. 
CONTRACTIONS. 

96.  In  order  to  give  more  facile  outlines,  cer- 
tain medial  consonants  are  omitted.  In  some 
words  of  this  class,  letters  which  find  a  place  in 
the  ordinary  spelling  are  silent,  and  are  there- 
fore not  represented  in  Phonography: 

I  P  may  be  omitted  between  m  and  t,  or  m 
and  sh :  S^    "  " 

pumped,  bumped,  tramped,   redemption,    assumption. 
T  may  be  omitted  between  s  and  another  con- 
sonant; K  or  G  between  ng  and  t,  or  ng  and  sh : 

postage,  mostly,  post-office,  distinct,  distinguish. 

97.  Certain  words  of  frequent  occurrence  are 
contracted  by  the  omission  of  a  portion  of  the 
outline : 

(a)  By  employing  the  first  two  or  three  strokes 
of  the  outline  only. 

(6)  In  most  words  ending  in  action,  ection, 
etc.,  K  may  be  omitted  with  perfect  safety. 

(c)  The  N  hook  may  be  attached  to  words 
where  practicable  as  a  contraction  for  then  or 
than,  following  another  word : 


expect-ed,  passenger,  was  then,  rather  than,  etc. 

Note. — Write  each  outline  of  the  following  list  ten 
limes,  naming  them  as  you  write  them ;  thus,  k-n-j 
acknowledge,  all-g  altogether,  n-ng  anything. 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonograpliy.  69 

Contractions. 
(Words  marked  *  are  written    above  the  line.) 
Acknowledge-ed 
altogether* 


'^.../Sm/  anything* 

I I    architect-ure-al 

\| .  Better  than 

~X    Catholic 
c character* 

r — Q—  characteristic* 


\ 


Danger 

dangerous 

destruction 

difficulty  (3) 
disinterested-ness 
district 
V-jr-^  domestic 
<-/    Essential-ly 
"y^    enlarge-d 

especial-ly 


I 


^     stablish-ed-ment 
"x     expect-ed 
V^— N  Familiar-ity 

Govern-ed-ment 


/-N    Immediate 
rV^  immediately 
/^    impossible* 
'""^  impracticable* 
'^  improbab!j^.^y 
TT     inconsistent 
y      inconsistency 
^-<y  influential* 
[j     instruction 
]  ^  interest-ed 

u—  irregular-ity 
— s«^  Kingdom* 
^~^    knowledge 

»--N-       Magazine 


70  Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 


Contractions. 


''^^Manuscript 
^y    messenger 
.-jf—^  mistake-en* 
'^"^   manufacture-d 
c~N—  mortgage* 

■'^     mathematical  ian 

y      Natural-ly 
v»-< —  iieglect-ed* 
^'~'\^  November,  never 

^^    nevertheless 
v_/v.^  nothing 

^-|^    notwithstanding 

\     Object-ed 

\     objection 
\/^   Parliament-ary* 

\ peculiar-ly-ity 

\/\^  perform-ed 
\/\^  performance 
\^^     phonographer 


^     Plaintiff 


\      profession -al 
Vj —  phonographic 


practice-d-al-ly 
practicab-le-ility 

\^  le 

\    probab,  ^-ility 

Xpubl-ic-ish-ed 

\     publication 

^    prospect-ed 
y\_  Reverend, re veniie 
y^  rather  than* 

y\^  reform -ed 

/        regular-ly-ity 
'^~\     remarkab-le-ly 
y\   represent-ed 
y\^   representation 
y\x  representative 

/A.    republic 
y^    restricted 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography.  71 

Contractions. 

^X^   Relinquished 
y\^  reformation 
^J^     responsib-le-ility 
resurrection 


y\.   republican 
/\    respect-ed 
p^    Satisfactory 
^     satisfaction 
5~.^_^_^  something 
^      stranger 
J     suspect-ed 
\ —   subscrib-ed 
^    -s  superscription 
c\       surprise* 

singular-ly-ity 


V)     substituted 
^Jy  suflicien-t-ly-cy 

^;_^  September 
n         signification* 


^~\  Sensib-le-y-ility 
U^  Temperance 
(J^    thankful-ly* 

'v    ■     together 
6 — \  transcript 
k      transfer-red 
j— b  transcription 
J — c    transgress-ed 

2 transcribe-d 

^,^^_^,^uijanimity 
C        unanimous 

^     understand 

^    understood 

*^-^~\  unexpected 
y>-^%i^uniformity 

"--£/  unsatisfactory 
^^    unselfish 
^    Whatever 

^    whenever 
j  <n     Yesterday 


72  Complete  Manual  of  Plionograph/. 


EXERCISE   XXXVI 


^ 


2j^ 


)  -^  v<-  /^, 


ji 


L^  yy^,  .  \ 


±. 


"-A  r  V  t.  -^  "^  -^  s  — 


\ 


^ 


^^ 


2f_ 


/^  • 


(  V    I 


^ 


y"  \y^^\r 


^>J;'^     >•-]     '    K 


.i_L 


\ 


V 


^'-t^ 


o    ^    V^      V^ 


^<^  -v 


v_^ 


A. 


■^ 


Vj 


JS- 


^ 


v^ 


^ 


^ 


^•^f>-^~>,'^(  \  /^-^^ 


-^ 


-V  )  -t  -'^. 


V 


r^ 


■.»  >^    \  a  it 


■I  '^ )  \ 


sA^^  ''"^-^Ui-^j.6, 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography.  73 


EXERCISE  XXXVl.   (Con.) 


^ 


'*='"' — ^ '  > 


?^ 


,^  s  ^   ^  D  "W^ 


-^  J 1^ 


/.^'^ 


V 


_! 


'^j) 


f^^ 


m 


\  p 


ih^^ 


JSL*-J- 


v^ 


-V 


( ^  •  ^ 


-U-i 


r^ 


^.     /   "-^ 


■\ 


V- 


<:r^ 


^-^,)  ^s-^ 


L,'^') 


^  J\     t    --^->^n'-\/-_Jj/\^ 


^  --^ 


"V^   )   '^ 


^ 


■  ^v-.  •)  jr 


n. 


^ 


^-^-^^^   ^    .    -X..    c^o     o    ^,     /-V^   \ 


?^^^  ( 


c. 


JCZX 


rii- 


^P   ^         vX/V 


«    :> 


A. 


'  ^    ' 


C 


:^  >  ^  " 


I  )  ^  ) 


'-^■^ 


i^ 


n^^ 


X 


V  1  ),.  V  ^3  ) 


V.  \  •  -^  ^  ^^ 


^^g^  \ 


">> 


^-^ 


V^f 


^^ 


.  f  ^  -^  )  >  -  ^^  - 


k_ 


-u::! 


A- 


74  Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 

Exercise  XXXVII. 

My  dear  John, — I  went  with  a  r-r  of  articles 
on  pr-k  matter  for  a  m-g,  p-b  to  furnish  in-str-tion 
in,  and  n-j  of,  miscellaneous  topics,  and  he  would 
like  to  have  you  s-b-s-k  to  it.  We  visited  sev- 
eral places  St-b  and  noted  for  their  R-k-t  beauty, 
and  paid  particular  attention  to  any  p-k  we 
thought  would  be  an  b-j-tion  to  their  position 
with  the  beautiful.  To  nd-s-tnd  the  subject  b-trn 
before,  we  m-md-1  referred  to  some  books  in  a  p-b 
library  in  the  m-md  locaHty,  and  found  s-m-ng 
S-p  nt-s-t.  Y-s-t,  the  gentleman  with  whom  I 
was  staying,  was  asked  n-k-s-p  to  attend  a  meeting 
and  to  p-r-f  his  offices,  and  r-p  the  society  he  had 
r-p  for  several  years.  Of  course,  I  did  not  n-gl 
the  opportunity  of  hearing  what  I  k-s-p  to  be  a 
good  discourse  on  r-f.  I  looked  upon  the  speak- 
ers as  of  a  r-p-bn  turn  of  mind,  and  in  favor  of  a 
r-p-b.  The  whole  thing  passed  off  much  b-trn  I 
had  k-s-p,  for  which"  I  was  th  fl.  My  friend  p-r-f 
his  tasks  s-t-s-rl,  and  said  that  the  great  d-jr  to 
which  we  were  all  subject  was  the  tendency  to 
tr-s-gr-s  the  laws.  There  was  an  y-n-n  of 
opinion  that  it  was  S-n  to  aim  at  the  pr-k-bl. 
Two  or  three  of  them  went  to  the  extremes,  and 
suggested  m-pr-b  things,  but  it  was  not  the  out- 
come of  d-s-nt-s-tt.  He  did  not  want  the  p-b  to 
m-s-k  n-ng  he  had  said  or  n-jd  upon,  for  n-ng 
was  farther  from  him  than  to  k-s-p  mp-s  or  m- 
pr-b  things.  It  is  d-jr-s  to  tr-s-fr  our  affections 
to  the  gods  of  greed,  and  so  let  our  sole  b-j  be  the 
p-r-fs  of  such  acts  as  will  St-b  us  in  the  true  r-p- 
tion  of  the  sublime.  '^ 

Trusting  to  hear  from  you  soon,  I  remain, 
Sincerely  yours, 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography.  75 

LESSON  lo. 
Punctuation,  Etc. 
98.  All  stops  are  written  in  the  usual  way, 
except  the  period,  for  which,  as  already  explained, 
a  small  cross  is  used.  The  hyphen  is  represented 
by  two  small  in'^lined  dashes  between  the  words. 
The  parentheses  strokes  are  made  a  little  longer 
than  a  double-length  upright  consonant.  The 
dash  is  represented  by  a  straight  line,  beginning 
and  ending  with  a  small  downward  tick.  The 
note  of  interrogation  and  the  exclamation  point 
are  better  represented  by  making  a  small  cross 
at  the  bottom,  instead  of  the  dot. 


well-spoken,   (confidentially)  —  Oh !  what  is   it  ? 

99.  Emphasis  is  marked  by  drawing  one  or 
more  lines  underneath  the  word  or  words ;  a  single 
line  under  a  single  word  must  be  made  wave-like. 
To  indicate  an  initial  capital,  draw  two  short 
dashes  under  the  word.  All  initial  capitals  of 
proper  nouns  should  be  written  in  shorthand,  as 
all  the  letters  are  represented,  except  C,  Q,  and 
X.  For  C  use  the  logogram  S  (3),  for  Q  use  the 
Qu,  and  for  X  use  the  K  and  the  circle  S. 

r^  <X o f'^A  ) '  •'  '^'  ^ —  £g_\-*^";x^ 

Mr.  W.  M.  Brown  says:    "The  work  must  be  done  noic." 

100.  "Of  the"  may  be  indicated  by  writing 
the  words  which  they  connect  close  to  each 
other,  showing  that  one  is  "of  the"  other.  This 
will  not  be  mistaken  for  con.  When  "of  the" 
is  followed  by  con,  the  dot  must  be  written. 


^^ 


Plan  of  the  work.  Time  of  the  trial.  Will  confer. 


76  Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 

Phraseography. 

In  longhand]  swift^  writers,^ join  all  the  letters 
in  a  word  together,  and  sometimes  write  several 
words  without  lifting  the  pen.  In  shorthand 
also  several  words  may  be  united,  and  gives  great 
assistance  in  following  a  rapid  speaker.  Words 
that  form  a  phrase  and  make  a  good  joining  may 
be  joined,  and  not  be  mistaken  for  a  single  word. 

A  logogram  or  phraseogram  may  be  written 
over  or  near  to  a  word  to  express  "con  or  com" 
or  "of  the."  "There  or  their"  may  be  added  to 
a  full-length  logogram  by  making  the  stroke 
double-length,  and  "own"  by  adding  the  N  hook. 

The  first  word  in  a  phrase  must  occupy  its 
own  position,  but  a  logogram  in  the  first  position 
may  be  made  a  little  higher  or  lower,  to  suit  the 
position  of  the  following  word.  Phrases  should 
never  extend  too  far  above  or  below  the  line,  and 
it  is  not  advisable  to  join  more  than  five  or  six 
words  together;  while  it  is  possible  to  join  many 
more,  as  in  the  following  example : 


l'-.o-^r-^ 


It  -is-not  -  necessary-that-you-should-do-like-this. 

And  -  of  -  course  -  it  -  is  -  not  -  necessary-  that-you- 
should  -  phrase  -  in-  this  -  way-if-you-should-want- 
to-read^rapidly. 

.  It  would  be  far  better  to  make  two  out  of  the 
first,  and  four  or  more  out  of  the  second,  starting 
anew  after  joining  four  or  five  words. 

The  following  list  will  show  how  other  phrases 
may  be  formed ;  but  be  conservative  in  phrasing. 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 
Phraseograms. 


77 


M^   I  have 
^     and  it  is 
Q_i>  as  soon  as 
[^      as  it  should  be 
(5^     as  well  as 
>^  o^for  this  reason 

,  V^~X  he  may  be 

I  am 
^■^     I  am  not 
nTX  I  will  be 

^     I  did  not 

v.,^1  have  not 

X      I  think,  or  thank 

y 

^     I  shall  be  glad 
(^An  this  way 
t^it  will  be 

'A     it  should  be 

'-''^it  must  be 

M    it  will  do 


n  ot 


course  it  is 


/v      should  be 
Ca/    that  you  are 

A'""^  which  you  may 
ly       which  you  will 
>-w  we  have  been 
fy — V  you  may 
rv^^  you  must 
n^-o^^  you  must  not 
n/^\  you  will  be 
f/\f  you  will  be  well 
r/^    you  will  do 
f^    you  are 
f^     you  are  not 
fy<-.  you  should  not 
fY^     you  will  not 

o you  can 

/-u-j    you  cannot 
r/\^  you  will  have 


78  Complete  Manual  of  Phonoqrapliy' 


EXERCISK  WWII  I 


crd^.  ^:,   U  .  \^^  .^  (\> 


L    ^  ^  .  -^ J  ^'  %  ^ 


e 


V,^    ..^    -.o."-^/."  A  ^./^V 


-!■>— 1I^,\A.,V 


^     -^"^ 


\^  (  \  .  ...--^^ .  /  r  ^  ■ 


)    ^    « V^  ^  ^  ^    I  '  ^^;:g; 


^/^,    f^~1  "-^,'s;    -  ^^ 


v^),/'  <  (:^,^^^^.^^i. 


^V|   M^^^^   ,    v-^-).^ 


^  )  U/  1.1^  ^^-/^A 


lA/.^DK 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography.  79 

Exercise  XXXIX. 

(Words  connected  by  a  hyphen  are  to  be  joined.) 
My-dear-Friend, —  In-answering-your  inquiry 
(of  the)  4,  would-say  that,  when-it-coraes  to-the 
question  of-phrasing,  we-have-our-funny-men. 
Mr.  A.  will-swear  that-the  practice  is  all-wrong, 
that-he  neither-phrases  nor  believes  in-phrasing, 
and  Mr.  B.  will-swear  that-phrasing  is  to-him 
what  leather-is  to-the-maker-of  shoes.  The  fun 
of-it-is  that  Mr.  A., who  don't  phrase,  does  phrase; 
and  Mr.  B.,  who  does,  don't,  to  any-extent.  Ex- 
cept-as  to-the  swearing,  it-will-not  hurt-you  a 
bit  to-copy  after  and-take  sides  with  either, 
when-the  other-is  around-the-corner.  In-the- 
same-way  you-may-keep  on-good-terms  with 
Mr.  C,  the  man  who-makes-small-notes,  by  hon- 
estly declaring  that  Mr.  D.  must-use  up  (con) 
siderable  time  in-getting  to  and-fro,  and-wander- 
ing  up-and-down  on-those  iong-outlines  of  his; 
and,  at-the-same-time  keep-smooth  with  Mr.  C. 
by  asserting  that  the  smaller-the  notes-the 
greater-the-care  with-which  they-must-be  made; 
and-that  whatever-requires  care,  of-course,  re- 
quires time.  Meantime, as  regards  your-own-notes, 
"  Keep  in-the-middle  of-the  road,"  and  you-will- 
be  very  much-like-the  boy  whose-new  clothes 
were-such  a  neat-fit  that-he  could-not  tell- 
whether-they-were  too  large  or  too  small.  Try 
to-strike-the  happy-medium,  and-the  result  can- 
not but  be-satisfactory,  and  with-which  you- 
cannot-but  be-pleased. 

Yours  sincerely, 


80  Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 

METHOD  OF  PRACTICE. 

The  student,  having  made  himself  famiUar 
with  the  principles  of  the  system  as  presented  in 
the  preceding  pages,  should  take  every  oppor- 
tunity to  practice  writing;  however,  as  much 
time  should  be  spent  in  reading  as  well  as  in 
writing  shorthand.  In  all  your  shorthand  prac- 
tice, make  it  an  invariable  rule  to  read  everything 
you  write. 

The  following  is  a  good  method  of  practice: 
Take  a  letter  or  composition  of  lOO  or  125  words 
and  write  it  in  shorthand,  slowly  and  accurately, 
and  then  transcribe  it  in  longhand,  or  on  a  type- 
writer, and  then  compare  your  transcript  with 
the  printed  key,  correct  all  errors,  and  then  write 
it  in  shorthand  several  times,  until  you  can  write  it 
at  the  rate  of  90  or  100  words  per  minute;  then 
take  another  letter  and  practice  it  the  same  way. 

It  must  be  remembered  that  the  saving  of 
time  and  great  ease  in  writing  are  not  attained 
by  using  hooked,  grouped,  or  half-sized  letters  on 
all  possible  occasions.  A  long  and  flowing  out- 
line is  better  than  one  that  is  short,  but  cramped, 
with  joinings  that  check  the  movement  of  the 
hand.  The  rule  for  writing  should  be  SHARP 
ANGLES,  FORWARD;  and,  if  possible,  avoid 
cross-curves  and  obtuse  angles,  or  joinings  with 
no  angles  at  all. 

In  writing  from  rapid  dictation,  it  is  impos- 
sible to  insert  many  vowels;  and  the  student,  as 
soon  as  he  can  write  accurately,  should  accustom 
himself  to  write  only  the  consonants  of  words. 
This  will  train  the  hand  to  reporting  and  ac- 
custom him  to  read  unvocalized  writing. 

Note. — Practice  reading  the  following  exercise  until 
you  can  read  it  just  like  print ;  then  you  will  be  ready  for 
the  theory  examination. 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography.  81 


EXERCISE  XL 
Getting  Up  Speed. 

^  r  ^  w,  1  ,.^..^  ^  ^  ^  v., 
i=-"-|:^'  <^  ^J*^-^  f  "Lec- 


^  V/.D.K. 


82  Oomplete  Manual  of  Plumography. 


GettiDg  Up  Speed. 


^-O    ^     \ 


V 


'N —  %  I  6  \—  ^->.  T ( 


W.D.K. 


Complete  Manual  of  PhoTwgraphy.  83 


Getting  Tip  Speed. 


^ 


A 


L 


C-O 


-t?  S^v  J  u,^ 


v^j  c-^ 


U.   l-^  ^  S    s   J  S  b   «r-^   c-^  r--i 

I 21 W.D.K. 


84  Complete  Manual  of  Phonograpliy. 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography.  85 


'>. 


i 


Getting  TJp  Speed. 

'Cf.)  ^4  c/A 


X  ^-  •• 


I 


^ 


c 


"^ 


"^ 


^/ 


l_.  ^i=-.v-^ 


V_' 


/  ^ Ad  V/.D.K. 


86  Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 


Getting  Up  Speed.' 


^ 


-\  I  /C? 


j~^^-'; 

,^-in^ 


'^ 


(  /  ^N 


V      ( 


f"^ 


c^ 


<L 


<^  c 


)^ 


•\ 


W.D.K 


Complete  Manval  of  Phonography.  87 

REMARKS. 

As  this  is  distinctively  a  text-book  on  Short- 
hand, we  have  omitted  everything  that  does  not 
bear  directly  on  the  subject,  either  in  learning 
the  principles,  or  the  application  of  the  same  in 
writing.  The  principles,  if  thoroughly  under- 
stood and  put  into  sufficient  practice,  will  enable 
the  writer  to  take  down  the  exact  words  of  the 
fastest  speaker.  We  have  not  presented  in  this 
Manual  instruction  for  the  use  of  capital  let- 
ters, spelling,  punctuation,  paragraphing,  etc.,  as 
these  are  subjects  with  which  the  student  is  sup- 
posed to  be  familiar. 

The  transcription  of  shorthand  notes  is  usually 
done  on  the  typewriter,  and  the  ability  to  do  this 
at  the  rate  of  thirty-five  or  forty  words  a  minute, 
correctly,  is  one  of  the  necessary  qualifications 
of  the  amanuensis. 

Every  kind  of  business  or  profession  has  quite 
a  number  of  words  and  phrases  peculiar  to  itself. 
Outside  of  the  range  of  these  peculiar  branches, 
these  words  are  seldom  used.  Hence,  it  is  not 
advisable  for  the  student  to  spend  too  much  time 
in  learning  long  lists  of  abbreviations,  a  large 
number  of  which  are  only  used  in  special  branches 
of  business.  The  better  way  is  for  the  student 
to  learn  only  the  most  common  occurring  words 
and  phrases.  Then,  when  he  has  decided  to 
enter  any  particular  branch  of  business,  he  will 
find  it  an  easy  matter  to  contract  the  outlines  of 
the  words  and  phrases  peculiar  to  that  profession. 

Most  reporters  devise  contractions  for  such 
terms  and  expressions  as  are  most  commonly 
used  in  their  work,  and  find  them  very  helpful  in 
expediting  their  work^  and  in  no  way  affecting 
-he  legibility  of  their  notes. 


88  Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 

SPEED  PRACTICE. 

Presuming  that  the  student  has  followed  the 
advice  given  on  page  80,  and  is  able  to  write 
about  sixty  words  per  minute,  he  should  now 
commence  the  study  and  practice  of  the  "Brief 
Reporting"  style  of  Phonography.  A  speed  of 
sixty  words  per  minute  may  be  attained  by  any 
person  of  ordinary  capacity  by  practicing  an  hour 
or  two  each  day.  But  to  write  at  a  rate  neces- 
sary for  reporting  requires  a  longer  period  of  time 
and  the  employment  of  additional  principles  of 
abbreviation. 

The  secret  of  rapid  writing  consists  of  two 
things:  practice,  and  the  ability  to  use  judi- 
cious abbreviations.  Of  these  two  essentials,  the 
greater  is  practice;  by  which  alone,  in  the  full 
style  of  Phonography,  one  hundred  to  two  hun- 
dred words  per  minute  may  be  legibly  written. 

Mere  copying  from  books  is  worth  but  little 
as  reporting  practice.  The  best  practice  is  that 
of  writing  from  another's  reading.  An  hour's 
practice  in  this  manner  is  worth  more  than  several 
hours'  copying  from  books. 

In  choosing  matter  for  dictation  practice,  a 
book  of  commercial  forms  and  business  letters  is 
the  best  for  the  commercial  correspondent;  but 
the  embryo  reporter  should  follow  the  dictation 
of  speeches,  lectures,  etc.  In  this  way  the  be- 
ginner will  accustom  himself  to  the  language  he 
will  have  to  write  when  he  is  professionally  en- 
gaged as  reporter  for  the  press  or  in  the  court. 

When  the  student  can  follow  a  reader  at  from 
ninety  to  one  hundred  words  a  minute,  he  may 
attempt  note-taking  in  public.  Slow  preachers 
afford  the  best  practice  to  the  student. 

Read  and  correct  everything  you  write. 


O  O  Nl  F»  1^  E^  T  E:^ 

Manual  of  Phonography 

PART   II. 

Containing  the  Brief  Reporting 
Style  of 

PHONOGI^APHY 


90  Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 

PART  11. 

Writing  in  Position. 

If  the  position  of  the  word  indicates  the  vowel, 
or  accented  vowel  of  a  word,  it  can  easily  be  read. 
Words  that  contain  only  one  or  two  consonants 
are  usually  written  in  position,  as  determined  by 
the  accented  vowel.  (See  page  20.)  Position 
need  not  be  observed  with  respect  to  most  words 
containing  three  or  more  consonants.  A  word 
formed  by  a  horizontal  and  a  down-  or  up-stroke 
has  its  position  determined  by  the  down-  or 
up-stroke. 

When  a  word  begins  with  a  horizontal  fol- 
lowed by  a  down-stroke,  written  in  the  first  posi- 
tion, the  horizontal  must  be  written  a  little 
higher  than  usual ;  and  when  in  the  third  position, 
it  must  be  written  a  little  lower,  to  accommodate 
itself  to  the  position  of  the  following  stroke. 
Words  beginning  with  a  horizontal  and  followed 
by  an  up-stroke,  in  the  third  position,  the  hori- 
zontal is  written  below  the  line.  Derivative 
words  must  be  written  in  the  same  place  as  their 
primitives.  Double-length  perpendicular  strokes 
and  straight  sloping  down-strokes  take  only  the 
second  and  third  position:  on  and  through  the 
line.  A  double-length  horizontal  follows  the 
above  rule  for  position  of  horizontals. 

These  rules  for  position  do  not  apply  to  words 
having  an  outline  of  their  own.  A  word  having  a 
vowel  before  and  after  a  single  consonant,  the 
accented  vowel  should  be  inserted.  A  word  be- 
ginning or  ending  with  an  accented  vowel,  the  in- 
itial or  final  vowel  should  be  inserted,  except 
final  y,  which  is  unnecessary  to  insert. 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 


91 


RESUME  OF  THE  LOGOGRAMS. 


\ 


L 


/ 


A  or  an  (i) 
able 
able  to 
about (3) 
above 

according-to 

account 

advantage 

advise  (i) 
advises  (i) 
after  (i) 
ago(i) 

again 
ah  (I) 
all  (i) 
allow  (3) 

age 

allowance  (3) 
alone 

amount 
ambition  (i) 
and  (i) 
'another (i) 
any  (i) 

apply  (i) 
approve  (i) 
are 


o 

o 
J 
o 

1 

r 
I 

cJ 

c/ 
f 

\ 

o 

\. 
"J, 

\ 

\ 


art(i) 
as(i) 
as  has ( i ) 
assure  (i) 
as  is  (i) 
at  (I) 
at  all  (i) 
at  first (i) 
at  once  ( i ) 

away 
awe  (i) 
aye,  ay  (i) 

Be 
because 

cause 
been 

(3) 
belief-ve-d 

beyond  (i) 
before  (3) 
bind 
combine-d(i) 

bound  (3) 
brief  (3) 

build-ing 
business  (3) 
but 
by  (i) 
Call  ( I) 
called  (i) 


; 


L 
J 
T 
3 
J 
J 
1 


can  (i    ) 

cannot  (i) 

care 

cared 

careful-ly 

cart  (i) 

chair 

cheer (3) 

child  (i) 

Christian- ity 

(I) 
cold 

come 

could 

Dear 

deliver-y-ed 
did 

did  not 
different-ce 
do,  day 
dilficult-y(3) 
do  not  (i) 
Doctor  (i) 
doctrine  (i) 
done 
down  (3) 
during  (3) 


(3) 


/    Each  (3) 


92  Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 


Resume  of  the  Logograms. 


♦     Eh  ? 

s^ ^enter 

C .  equal-ly 

r  ,    equalled 

Vi  even  (3) 

v^  ever-y 

^  evil(i) 

V_  Few  (3) 

0     first 

V^for 

^  (0 

fortune-ate 

»     freight 

\     from 

>^  from  their-re 

"\  further  (3) 

V_  future  (3) 

-    's  Gave 

general-ly 

generation 

gentleman(  i ) 

gentlemen 

give-n 

glory-fy-fied 

go(i) 

God(i) 

gold 

gone  (i) 


No/ 
\ 

o 
0 

1 
'^ 

'^ 
o 
O 

o 
<^ 

y 

/ 


Good 

great 

guard  (i) 

Had  (i) 

had  not (i) 

half,  off 

hand  (i) 

happy  (1) 

happen  (i) 

happened (1) 

happiness  (i) 

has  (i) 

has  his 

have 

he 

Heaven 

him 

himself 

his 

his  is 

his  has 

holy 

hope 

hour,  our  (3) 

house 

how 

However  (3) 


L 
J 


O 

C 
O 

i 
\ 

/ 

L 

VJ? 

/ 
? 

<r 

r 


I,eye,high(i) 

f 

fit 

mportant,  X 

ce^  ' 

mpossible(i) 

mprovements 
tnagination(l) 
magine  (i) 
n(i) 

n  thej.^^   (I) 

nfiuence  (i) 
nfluenced(i) 

s 

s  his 
s  as 

t 

tself  (3) 
Joy  (I) 
joyful-ly  (i) 
Know,  no 
known 
Language (i) 
large  (i) 
larger  (i) 

learn-ed 
let 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 


93 


Resume  of  the  Logograms. 


r   Light  (I) 

\  liberty  (i) 
^Lord 
'       law(i) 
^'"^  May 

'^   may  not 

^-^  me,  my  (i) 

-—X   meet-ing 

\    member 

C~N    nere,  Mr. 
^~^    met,  might  (I) 
C~N  more  ( i ) 

"■^  most  (i) 
''-^  must 
^~^  myself  (i) 

/      much  (i) 
'O  Nation 

v^    nature 

C •  near 

^^^ ^  neither 

>_^  no,  own 
^_j>   none,  known 

"^^  nor(i) 
^  not(i) 
^     number-ed  (3) 

*       O!  oh:  owe  (1) 

N     of  (I) 


On(i) 
one 

often  (i) 
opinion  (i) 
opportunity 
or  (I) 
order  (i) 
other 
ought  (i) 
ourselves  (3) 

y^   our  own  (3) 
out  (3) 
out  of  (3) 
over  ( I ) 
owing  (i) 
Particular(i) 
pay 

\_j    phonography 

_y     pleasure 
\    princip^^j  (3) 

\j  proof 

\,    prove-d  (3) 

put  (3) 
Quite  (i) 
Religion  (3) 
religious  (3) 
reraark-ed(  i ) 


\ 


\ 

J 

CTs 


yj^   Render 

\   reraember-ed 
^^  Saviour 
)      saw,  sigh  (i) 
o —  scripture 
secret 
see,  use  (3) 
send 

several-ly 
Shalt  (i) 
shall,  show 
share 
shirt-ing 
short  (i) 
should 
signify-ed 
significance 
so,  us 
somewhat 
special-ly 
speak  (3) 
spirit 
strong  (i) 
strength 
sure-ly  (3) 
(J     suggestive 
(J     suggestion 
1^    sent 


) 

J 
J 

J? 


) 

\ 

1 
1 


94  Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 


Resume  of  the  Logograms. 


f      Tell 

1     Trade 

(      t 

.hank-ed  (i) 

q     tried  (i) 

C     1 

hat  (i) 

1     true  (3) 

9   ' 

he  ll  they  are 

]     truth 

the 

'l     truthful-ly 

G  ' 

themselves 
this  is 
thing 

,^_^  under,  ^nd 
\    up 

T 

think 

\    upon 

1 

third 

\     use,whose(3) 

(o 

this 

J  usual-ly 

(o 

those,    ,  . 
thyself  <■'-' 
though,  thy  (1) 

■^   Very,  vary 

c 

^  Wait,  weight 

( 

thought  (l) 

^/Owander  (i) 

9 

through  (3) 
three 

^  want  (i) 

r 

till  (3) 

"\      was 

r 

till  it 

c/  '"'^^ 

\ 

to,  too,  two 

C  ^'"^ 

0 

throughout  (3) 

0  '''^ 

\ 

to  be  (3) 

^  went 

r 

told 

^     what(i) 

n 

toward 

C.     when 

\ 

therefore  (3) 

(^  whether 

thee,thou  (3) 

/     which 

4 

these,thus(3) 

/     which  have 

( 

them,  they 

(J"  while  (I) 

<_X    Whither  (3) 
C/     white  (i) 

/        who 

L       who  have 

^       why  (i) 

C    ^111(3) 
J//'  winter  (3) 

_/  wish,  she  (3) 

*-  with  (i) 

(,  within  (3) 

(^  without 

j/'  win  (3) 

"^      word 

P       would,  wood 
^y^  wonder 

y^  writer.rather 

^      Yard  (i) 

"  <f^  ye 

"^     year  (3) 
<?      yes(i) 

(^  ■  yet 
o    yo" 

^    young  (3) 

"^     your 
(^      youth  (3) 


Complete  Manual  of  PhomMjraphy.  95 

READING  EXERCISE. 


TEACHING  AXD  LEAKNlNr.". 


a/^y?rM.l^-     L     c^''     rC       \  c'^    C 


cy^  n    '  c-    <^-^,,^-^^ 


Li o    — 


\     L,    c^_.    I    C^     Ox  r.       O    --^  /    ^ 


)^S3  ,.'^^^9\'^M.-t 


^    ^    )    '^     v>  1     <>-^      <^    '^     C    ^^"^    ">>    X.   f^^  "n 


^  '  L  ^  ^    ^    "^  rr-V-  /  <-:^  <   r   ..  <?^ 


-^^  .  C.  >  ^<L^  .^.   ^(  /-) 


^\)<^-t.<rj)rX^    .   -^ 


^Vx^../H-V^>^^  "V 


^ 


^  /M^-f  .c.  I'w  (L^  ,.  —  ly^ 


^X  ^^-^,  ^^.^  (   >  ,.  V.C 


-o.  c ..  (  V  (;  k^ .  Y  ^./  ^J^ 


■^v 


v^. 


-^,   ^   C,>7  V^'Y 


^    '^ — N^  vO^^-"^^-_o    ^<-.  )\ 


C.^  ^(  )  \),c  r^V  ( ,  "P  ,/  tiAX  c^ 


<^        ^ -^ —    >       '^  .A/   IS  i>  ^ 


\    ^  ^    -^^       >     '^>/v/.d:t^ 


96  Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 

WRITING  EXERCISE. 
Short  Words  vs.  Long  Words. 
The  use  of  long  words,  which  we  get  from 
other  tongues,  not  only  make  our  thoughts  and 
our  speech  dim  and  hazy,  but  it  has  done  some- 
what to  harm  the  minds  of  our  people.  Crime 
sometimes  does  not  look  like  crime  when  it  is 
set  before  us  in  the  many  folds  of  a  long  word. 
When  a  man  steals  and  we  call  it  "defalcation," 
we  are  at  a  loss  to  know  if  it  is  a  "blunder"  or  a 
crime.  If  he  does  not  tell  the  truth  and  we  are 
told  that  it  is  a  case  of  "prevarication,"  it  takes 
us  some  time  to  know  just  what  we  should  think 
of  it.  Every  one  should  think  and  speak  of  acts 
in  clear,  crisp  English  terms.  It  may  be  said 
that  if  we  carry  this  thing  too  far,  we  may  cramp 
ourselves  too  much;  that  our  language  has  been 
made  rich  by  what  it  has  gained  from  others; 
and  that  we  ought  not  to  give  up  the  use  of  words 
that  we  need  to  give  shades  of  meaning.  All 
this  is  true,  but  still  we  should  take  care  to  make 
our  own  language  the  basis  of  our  thought  and 
speech.  Many  things  are  gained  by  doing  so. 
He  who  will  try  to  use  short  words  will,  if  he  tries 
to  write  in  words  of  one  syllable,  find  that  he  will 
run  through  his  mind  many  words  to  get  those 
he  needs.  While  we  may  not  at  the  time  use 
them,  yet  they  are  brought  to  our  minds  in  our 
search  for  those  we  want.  When  a  man  is  in 
search  for  one  thing,  he  may  be  led  to  look  in  sev- 
eral books,  and  thus  he  learns  many  things.  In 
this  way  we  find  that  we  bring  to  our  minds  a 
great  many  new  thoughts  that  would  not  be 
likely  to  spring  up  in  any  other  way.  When  we 
write  or  speak,  we  should,  as  a  rule,  use  the  short 
words  which  we  learned  in  early  life ;  those  which 
have  the  same  sense  to  all  persons. 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography.  97 

Positive)  and  Negative  Words. 

Negatives  of  words  that  begin  with  1,  m,  n, 
are  distinguished  from  the  positives  by  repeating 
the  first  consonant.  Words  commencing  with  r 
follow  the  rule  for  upward  and  downward  r, 
without  repeating  the  first  consonant.  In  some 
cases,  however,  this  rule  cannot  be  observed ; 
then  the  consonant  must  be  repeated. 


legal 
illegal 
/^        legible 

'    \    illegible 
M^_—      logical 
fc-—  illogical 

material 

immaterial 

resolute 

irresolute 

resistible 

irresistible 
--^  refutable 
N  irrefutable 


"v^  moral 
^— c~V^immoral 
.--vr^     mortal 
^■^<~^  immortal 
^~^Qx^    noxious 
^"^■"07  innoxious 
"^"-O^  necessary 
V-/^.^unnecessary 
^^vi     respective 

>    irrespective 
relevant 
~\/     irrelevant 
t>  _  rational 

\^     irrational 


98  Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 

Writing  Exercise. 

Morality,  or  immorality,  has  been  the  sub- 
ject of  discussion,  and  the  moral  laws  are  thought 
also  by  some  to  result  from  a  natural  sense. 
They  consider  that  we  distinguish  right  from 
wrong,  respectively,  as  we  do  between  colors 
They  believe  man  would  exercise  this  faculty  ir- 
respective of  education;  its  possession  merely 
distinguishing  rational  from  irrational  beings; 
and  that  those  who  are  not  deficient  in  it  being 
necessarily  unnatural.  Those  who  follow  this 
line  of  thought  draw  many  logical  or  illogical, 
relevant  or  irrelevant,  conclusions.  Other  think- 
ers say  that  morality,  as  distinguished  from 
immorality,  is  simply  that  line  of  conduct  which 
the  teachings  of  the  age  show  to  be  the  best  for 
man.  Let  us  all  lead  irreproachable  and  modest 
lives  and  avoid  immoral  thoughts.     May  it  be  so. 

Omission  of  Con  and  Com  Prefixes. 

The  dot  for  the  prefix  con  or  com  may  some- 
times be  omitted  without  danger  of  illegibility. 
In  the  following  words,  and  a  few  others,  the  dot 
for  con  and  com  may  generally  be  omitted  with 
safety : 

Word  Exercise. 

Conceive,  concern,  conclude,  conclusion,  con- 
fidence, conjecture,  consequence,  consider,  con- 
sideration, conscientious,  convenient,  conversa- 
tion, contract,  conference,  compromise,  combine, 
combination,  combined,  commandment,  communi- 
cate, comparative,  company,  comparatively,  com- 
plete, compliment,  compare,  composition,  com- 
plain, comply. 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography.  99 

Reading  Exercise, 
the  growth  of  shorthasn. 


\ 


-^     o 


\ 


1^ 


^^  ^ 


-f 


./_] 


/^7r-,  l)_   /  ■>  —  t  ,x.  ^_  \  t  "^  ^ 


r.  ^,  .L.^^-°^  '^>S> 


i 


^ 


I^ 


,^^^--11 1 


\v 


■O 

N  9  -^^ 


2. 


(^  I  u% 


•^"-^ 


^ 


i_l 


Jil^ 


«_»L| 


M 


:^^-V^ 


,^\.\^^<  .-.— 


•V^A 


\^ 


-^.  (?^  \ -^^ ,  •  Z.^^'- /-" 


1 


^--^ 


-\r 


-^.r^y^,  ^  ^ 


^\[  ":^-/.>  ^^-^  ■>  — 


100         Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 

FIGURES. 

Figures,  occurring  in  speeches  or  dictated 
matter,  should  be  represented  by  the  note-taker 
in  the  ordinary  Arabic  numerals  in  preference  to 
the  shorthand  characters;  for,  although  the  let- 
ters may  in  some  cases  represent  the  numbers 
more  briefly,  the  great  distinctiveness  of  figures 
in  a  mass  of  shorthand  notes  is  supremely  helpful 
in  reading  them  or  in  finding  any  particular 
thing.  But  in  taking  down  round  numbers  the 
proper  shorthand  sign  or  abbreviation  may  be 
employed  to  good  advantage  in  recording  the  no- 
tation. Instead  of  writing  a  string  of  naughts, 
the  number  represented  by  them  should  be  ex- 
pressed in  shorthand.  The  following  shorthand 
characters,  written  in  the  second  or  third  position, 
close  to  the  figures,  will  be  found  useful:  N  for 
hundred,  th  for  thousand,  n-th  for  hundred  thou- 
sand, m  for  million,  n-m  for  hundred  million,  B 
for  billion. 

In  round  numbers  the  principal  monetary 
units  may  be  expressed  by  the  addition  of  a 
shorthand  character.  Thus :  d  for  dollars,  n-d  for 
hundred  dollars,  th-d  for  thousand  dollars,  n-th-d 
for  hundred  thousand  dollars.  These  characters 
should  not  be  employed  unless  the  amount  is 
expressed  by  figures.  When  writing  dollars  and 
cents  write  the  entire  number  and  then  put  cents 
after  it.  Thus:  285  cents,  or  put  the  decimal 
point  in  between  the  dollars  and  cents,  but  do 
not  attempt  to  make  the  dollar  sign.  Write  it 
thus:  23.75. 

In  writing  sermons,  the  book,  or  epistle,  the 
chapter,  and  the  verse,  may  be  indicated  by 
placing  the  figure  for  the  book  in  the  first  posi- 
tion, for  the  chapter  in  the  second  position,  and 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography.        101 
for  the  verse  in  the  third  position.     Thus,  Cor- 

9 

inthians  ~  5  ^  By  this  method  the  book,  chap- 
ter, and  verse  may  be  written  in  any  order,  by 
means  of  figures  only,  without  danger  of  am- 
biguity. 

Writing  ]5xERCise. 
{Key  to  page  99.) 

Within  the  past  few  years  a  great  change  has 
taken  place  in  the  pubhc  mind  as  to  the  real 
scope  of  swift  writing  and  the  extent  to  which  it 
can  be  made  use  of  as  an  aid  to  business.  Down 
to  the  year  1876  it  was  not  much  used  in  that 
way.  When  people  thought  or  spoke  at-all 
about  shorthand,  the  taking  of  speeches  and 
sermons,  or  of  the  small  number  who  wrote  it, 
they  had  no  idea  of  the  use  to  which  it  was  some 
day  to-be  put,  and  as  we  know  it  now.  Very 
many  who  were  able-to  write  it  had  no  thought 
or  hope  of  making  money  by  the  use  of  it.  Some 
wrote  letters  to  their  friends  in  shorthand,  and 
some  of  them  had  rather  a  dim  notion  that  it 
would  one  day  take  the  place  of  our  common 
longhand;  but  from  the  signs  of  the  times  it  is 
not  at-all  likely  to-be  true,  nor  do  we  wish  it  to-be. 

The  advent  of  the  typewriter  did  a  great  deal 
to  clear  the  way  for  the  future  of  shorthand. 
The  two  go  together,  and  have  opened  up  a  wide 
field  of  industry;  have  given  employment  to  a 
large  number  of  persons,  both  male  and  female, 
and  been  of  great  importance  to  the  employer  as 
well  as  to  the  employed.  A  larger  number  of 
letters  are  sent  through  the  mail  now  than  ever 
before,  on  account  of  the  general  use  of  short- 


102         Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 

hand,  and  business  men  have  come  to  see  the 
advantage  of  the  use  of  it. 

It  is  of  great  importance  that  you  should 
learn  to  write  with  skill  before  your  habits  are 
fixed,  for  after  that  there  is  not  very  much  hope 
of  you  ever  bettering  your  case. 

Another  thing:  Do  not  engage  in  speed- 
tests,  for  they  will  do  more  harm  than  good,  and 
are  only  for  those  who  have  had  experience. 
Contests  of  skill  and  accuracy  would  be  more  to 
the  purpose. 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography.         10" 


j^ 


^22^ 


HEADING  EXERCISE. 


\ 


^  ,  "--^^ 


<-n= 


,  /    l,-^^^,x^ 


:^ 


t 


\   "^  \  ^  s  ,T-s  ^v  .y' 


C^^-A^ 


-T^ 


t 


^^ 


\    I    X 


^>^     V     /^ 


X  ^    \  \ 


I^ 


r 


Y-  r~\. 


^1-.-^ 


r  :  \— ^ 


-^ 


r^^ 


.i:^ 


\ 


Ixi 


7^  ^^^   .  i^.^r^ 


^  L,  >/  ^ 


\^^{X 


^c^ 


y  <r-^      n  ^^^ 


V. 


V 


rr^ 


.^ 


^'    s^^v 


:^ 


^TN-,/ 


A 


^-^ 


^  ■  I  "> 


Cb-fX     O    '  r    o 


U-  >-  t  "^  I  A^  ■  r^.    <L 


t  ~\ 


UP  <^  Q  ,  ^  \  r,-  \ 


(  °-°  ■  V 


■^--v^ 


-^     s^" 


^^^^./°r.  ^^^''^^1^° 


s? — 


l'^^^ 


W.D.K. 


104  Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 

Business  Phrases  and  Contractions. 


\s  a  matter  of  fact 
as  a   matter  of 
course 


"^— <— o     Enclosed  please 
No     find 

X 


am  in  receipt  of 
your  favor 

am  in  receipt  of 
your  letter 

am  much  obliged 
nclosed  find 
am  surprised 

hope  you  will  be 
regard 

regret 

am  rather  sur- 
prised 

have  to  inform 
you 

regret  to  state 

hope  you  are 
^    satisfied 

b       Of  course  it  is 
'^    P,^^^  of  course  it  may  be 

You  will  be  sur- 
prised 

In  regard  to  the 


^ 


beg  to  in  form  you 

beg  to  call  your 
attention 
beg  to  acknwldge 
rec't  of  your  favor 
beg  to  acknwldge 
rec't  of  your  letter 
enclose  statement 

enclose  check 

nclose  invoice 

beg  to  enclose 
herewith 

beg  to  enclose 

regret  to  say 

can  assure  you 

do  not  under- 
stand 

am  directed 

am  directed  to 
state 

am  directed  to 
inform  you 

am  instructed 

am  requested  to 
state 

am  instructed  to 
state 

hope  you  will  do 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography.        105 


< 


BiJsiNEss  Phrases  and  Contractions, 

\ 

your  favor 


cy^^"^<>  We  are  in  a  po 
sition 


we  are  much 
obliged 
c/^_^^  we  respectfully 
request 

'-^     ^  we  are  surprised 

c we  beg  to  quote 

n/   ^  You  are  at  liberty 

rw — ^     you  may  as  well 

''V'HJl    you  may  consider 

>^      in  reply  to  yours 

in  reply  to  your 
letter 

^^— -<;^       in  reply  to  your 
favor 

in  reply  to  your 
esteemed  favor 

in  your  reply 

in  your  reply  to 
my  letter 


in  my  last  letter 
y^'^j^  registered  letter 
^y>^    early  reply 

^\/^     early  considera- 
*     ''-'     tion 

V  i      early  attention 


I 


You  will  be  glad 
to  know 

your  considera- 
tion 


your  esteemed 
favor 


yours  faithfully 
faithfully  yours 
t^         yours  obediently 
Vn    yours  respectfully 

\-4       by  return  mail 

^vry-^ —  referring  to  your 
^^  letter 

referring  to  our 
letter 
referring  to  our 
invoice 

by  next  mail 
by  this  mail 
Postal  order 
by  wire  at  once 
V\v        by  freight  prepaid 
^■^S^    by  express  prepaid 
|^„^/     by  return  of  mail 


!06        Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 
Business  Phrases  and  Contractions 


I     Vl       Early  attention 

I    ^     at  your  earliest 
vTTj)  convenience 

Q  0      as  soon  as  con- 
^^^^_^    venient 

Q_P^  as  soon  as  ready 

"^      referring  to  yours 
Vi.        best  attention 

\V,^    best  of  my  ability 

VV'    best  of  our  ability 

\\    best  of  your  abilitj 

Nrv        best  of  their 
X)         ability 

cP    .  best  quality 

*A.  best  price 

o|  best  terms 

/^  lowest  terms 

2°  best  thanks 

V''^  balance  due 

^^7-'^  first  cost 

hr-'^  at  first  cost 

xy    O  first  class 


^ 


My  attention  has 
been  called 


1^  necessary  atten 
^-^    lion 

-s^   necessary  arraoge- 
^—P'vL'     ments 
.->r^        I  will  arrange  the 
^^^^^  matter 


yours  truly 
balance  sheet 


V5 


\/°\    balance  of  your 
•  ^         -  acct. 


payment  of  acct. 
(^        statement  of  acct. 
xO      account  sales 

\/  /   bill  of  exchange 
C\  />     Stock  Exchange 
^^-.^r-P  in  exchange 
\     /^  bill  of  lading 
^-\ /o     under  bill  of  sale 
X,  ,/L    special  rates 
*\/^     ordinary  rates 
I. — D      additional  expense 
I      f^     additional  cost 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography.        107 
Business  Phrases  and  Contractions 

L  Board  of  Directors 
L__jj-^  Directors'  meeting 
J''^^    Directors'  report 


^      I     First  quality 
<^y'^~j      first  instant 


dy'^"^   first  no  ".ice 

^ — P     first  installmtnt 

(  last  week 

^  ■  -   this  week 
'  ^  last  month 

/'V'^       Monday  morning 


b 


L 


^\^ 


Tuesday  afternoon 


K 


^J;>^--P  Wednesday  even- 
•J    iug 

please  quote  us 

please  let  us  know 

please  letme  know 

•    x5    /  please  note 

V  please  inform  ns 

Vj         please  forward 

Vv-;,  iccording  to 
<^  agreement 

O^'^^S.    you  should  not  be 
^^^/.^^^it  is  not  necessary 


J< 


declare  a  dividend 

deliver  immedi- 
ately 

discount  for  cash 

Financial  affairs 

from  last  report 

further  pdrticulars 

goods  not  to  hand 
not  yet  to  hand 
just  possible 

just  received 

J  make  an  appoint- 
ment 
we  cannot  account 


I  shall  be  glad 

^'^"^'1'    we  cannot  account 
V,    for 

^JL       that  you  should  do 


lOS         Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 
Forty-Six  Principal  Cities. 


^:1.^_,  Allegheny,  (Pa.) 
/'A^^  Albany,  (>J.  Y.) 
\__j     Brooklyn,  (N  Y.) 
N*        Boston,  (Mass.) 

X  Buffalo,  (N.  Y.) 

V"^^^  Baltimore,  (Md.) 

/     -.  Chicago,  (111  ) 
Vr Cleveland,  (O.) 
I   Cincinnati,  (O.") 
~^^     Columbus,  (().) 
^  Camden,  (N.  J.) 
L         Detroit,  (Mich.) 
t_J~X   Denver,  (Col.) 
|^->^  Des  Moines,  (la.) 

V,  r>^  Fall  River,  (Mass. 

^i^/\>rirand  Rapids, 

^         (Mich.) 

\.  Hartford,  (Conn.)"* 
^'^NO  Indianapolis  (Ind  ) 
/f  Jersey  City,  (N  J  ) 
Z_-,n  Kansas  City,  (Mo.) 
,^VJ  Louisville,  (Ky  ^ 
-^     Lowell,  (?Iass.) 


Minneapolis, 
(Minn.) 


Memphis,  (Tenn  ) 
y^'^  Mew  York,  (N.  Y.) 
^"-^Y^   .Vew  Orleans,  (La.) 

'^''^ .  Newark,  (N.  J.) 

^v^_<^Vi  New  Haven,  Conn. 
rC7  Nashville,  (Tenn  ) 

Omaha,  (Neb.) 
Philadelphia,  (Pa.) 


,S" 


Milwaukee,  (Wis  ) 


1 


Pittsburg,  (Pa.) 
Providence,  (R.  I.) 
,.^^    Richmond,  (Va.) 
^         St.  Louis,  (Mo.) 
Q^_gX-_    S.  Francisco,(Cal ) 
'^'A/"   St.  Paul,  (Minn.) 
«?         ^    Scranton,  (Pa.) 

Syracuse,  (N.  Y.) 

St.  Joseph,  (Mo.) 

Springfield,  (111.) 
Toledo,  (O.) 

Trenton,  (N.  J  ) 
Washington,  (D.C.) 
^^    Worcester,  (Mass ) 


Complete  Manual 
Forty-six  States 
/^\^^^  Alabama 
V.  Q  Arkansas 
California 
•Connecticut 
c...y\  Colorado 
[^    Delaware 
J— '-"^Dist  of  Columbi 
^Ly[   Florida 
/     '  Georgia 
Illinois 
Indiana 
Iowa 
Kansas 
Kentucky 
'   }^_y  Louisiana 
^^~^      Maine 
^""""""^  Maryland 
9^       Massachusetts 

"^2—     Michigan 
""■"^—f  Minnesota 
\     Mississippi 
^-—f^  Missouri 

f^  Montana 


'C 

Z^ 


of  Phonography.         109 
AND  Territories. 
Nebraska 
Nevada 

New  Hampshire 
/      New  Jersey 
"■^-^-T-  New  Mexico 
^^     New  York 
^  /^  North  Carolina 
)^,       Ohio 
c — r|^    Oklahoma  Ter. 
\_j     Oregon 
ftVo   Pennsylvania 

yV^     Rhode  Island 
^ /^  South  Carolina 

CL-    South  Dakota 
L.^      Tennessee 
'    '^     Texas 
Utah 

Vermont 
Virginia 


a 


& 


Washington 


"Ja  ;  Wisconsin 


,/7^ 


Wyoming 
West  Virginia 


110         Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 

Business  Correspondenck. 

(I) 
Messrs.  Brown  &  Co., 
Allegheny,  Pa. : 
Gentlemen: — In  reply  to  your  favor  of  5th 
inst.,  would  say  that  the  house  of  J.  B.  Jones 
&  Co.  is  in  first-rate  standing,  and  in  our  opnion 
will  assume  no  indebtedness  for  which  they  are 
not  amply  responsible.     We  have  full  confidence 
in  both  their  integrity  and  solvency.   (50) 
Yours  truly, 

(2) 
Mr.  W.  L.  Williams, 
Albany,  N.  Y. 
Dear  Sir: — We  are  in  receipt  of  your  favor, 
enclosing  check  for  5ii5,  for  which  we  are  much 
obliged.     Enclosed  find  receipt  for  same.     We 
note  your  remark  as  to  future  delivery  of  goods. 
Soliciting  a  continuance  of  your  favors,   which 
shall  receive  our  best  and  prompt  attention,  we 
remain,  (50) 

Yours  respectfully, 

(3) 
Mr.  J.  C.  Smith, 

Boston,  Mass. 
Dear  Sir: — A  heavy  payment  to  be  made  on 
the  9th  prox.  compels  me  to  call  your  attention 
to  the  balance  of  your  account,  which  is  now 
long  past  due.  Having  received  no  remittance 
from  you  for  some  time,  I  make  this  applica- 
tion in  the  hope  that  it  will  secure  your  special 
attention.   (50) 

Respectfully  yours. 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography.         Ill 

Business  Correspondencb. 

(4) 
The  N.  G.  Morgan  Co., 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
Gentlemen: — We  send  you  a  list  of  articles 
for  which  please  favor  us  with  your  lowest  quota- 
tions, informing  us  at  the  same  time  which  of 
them  you  keep  on  hand  and  the  time  required 
for  filling  an  order  for  such  of  the  others  as  we 
require,  together  with  your  customary  terms.  (50) 
Yours  truly, 

(5) 
Mr.  W.  B.  Haynes, 
Chicago,  111. 
Dear  Sir-: — Mr.   Wm.   Barton  is  desirous  of 
serving  in  one  of  the  many  positions  under  your 
control.     His  integrity  and  close  application  to 
business  while  in  my  employ  secured  my  utmost 
confidence.     You  will  find  him  temperate  and 
trustworthy  and  in  every  way  capable.     Should 
you  grant  him  an  interview,  you  will 'confer  a 
favor  on 

Yours  truly,  (60) 

(6) 
Messrs.  Short  &  Co., 
Baltimore,  Md. 
Gentlemen: — Your  favor  of  the'ist  is  at  hand 
with  "statement  of '  account,  showing  a  balance 
due    you  '^of    eight    hundred    dollars.     As    this 
amount  corresponds  with  the  balance  on  our 
ledger,  we  enclose  herewith  draft  on  the  First 
National  Bank  of  your  city  for  the  amount  of 
same,  say  58oo.     Please  acknowledge  receipt  of 
draft  and  oblige.  (60) 

Truly  yours. 


112        Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 

Business  Correspondence. 

(7) 
Messrs.  Henry  &  Nichols, 
Buffalo,  N.  Y. 
Gentlemen : — The  firm  of  Jones  &  Smith  has 
a  sohd  foundation  of  respectabiUty,  a  house  in 
which  we  have  implicit  confidence.     They  are 
held  in  high  repute  for  their  integrity  and  prompt 
business  capacity ;  punctual  in  fulfilling  their  obli- 
gations.    Their  probity  and  honesty  are  not  to 
be  questioned,  and  there  can  be  no  risk  in  en- 
tering into  business  relations  with  them.  (60) 
Faithfully  yours, 
(8) 
Messrs.  Campbell  &  Co., 
Cleveland,  Ohio. 
Gentlemen: — I  am  in  receipt  of  yours  of  the 
28th  instant  with  statement  of  account,  which, 
upon  examining,  I  find  to  be  correct.     Herewith 
you  will  receive  my  draft  on  Turner  &  Co.,  of 
your  city,  for  ^2,025.     Please  place  same  to  my 
credit.     The  balance  will  be  forwarded  by  the 
loth,  probably  accompanied  by  a  large  order,  to 
which  I  ask  your  special  attention.     lam,  (70) 

Yours  sincerely, 
Messrs.  Simpson  &  Co.,         (9) 
Columbus,  Ohio. 
Gentlemen : — I  have  jvist  returned  to  the  city 
after  an  absence  of  some  days,  and  learned  with 
regret  that  my  note  had  been  protested  for  non- 
payment.    I  hastened  to  withdraw  it  from  thf 
bank,  and  can  truly  say  that  the  matter  was  an 
oversight  on  my  part,  and  beg  to  assure  you  that 
such  an  occurrence  will  not  happen  again.     Re- 
regretting  the  trouble  it  has  caused,  I  remain, 
(70)  Yours  obediently. 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography.         113 

Business  Correspondence. 

do) 

Mr.  J.  G.  Adams, 

Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
Dear  Sir: — I  regret  that  circumstances  pre- 
vent my  complying  with  your  request  for  a  re- 
mittance; stagnation  in  business  and  the  tight- 
ness of  the  money  market  have  prevented  me 
from  being  as  prompt  as  usual.  My  trade  has 
improved  lately,  and  there  is  ever}"  prospect  for  a 
busy  season.  I  must  ask  your  indulgence  for  a 
short  time,  when  I  surely  will  close  my  account. 
Hoping  you  will  not  be  inconvenienced  by  the 
delay.  (70) 

Yours  sincerely, 
(ir) 
Mr.  Simon  Hess, 

Detroit,  Mich. 
Dear  Sir: — Your  application  having  been  re- 
ferred to  this  office,  we  desire  to  say  that  it  is  nec- 
essary for  us  to  state  the  terms  on  which  we  open 
accounts.  Our  bills  are  rendered  on  the  first  of 
the  month,  and  settlements  are  expected  prompt- 
ly. Under  no  circumstances  can  we  allow  our 
accounts  to  remain  open  over  60  days.  If  it  is 
satisfactory  for  you  to  conform  to  our  custom, 
we  shall  be  pleased  to  open  the  account.  We 
are,   (80) 

Very  trulv  yours, 
(12)  ' 
Mr.  S.  H.  Harris, 

Denver,  Colo. 

Dear  Sir : — I  have  referred  to  your  letter  under 

date  of  December  9th,  wherein  you  say  that  you 

expect  to  make  settlement  with  us  in  a  few  days, 

and  am  sorry  to  note  that  we  have  heard  nothing 


1 1 4         Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 

Business  Correspondence. 

further  from  you.  We  do  not  wish  to  be  dis- 
courteous in  the  matter,  but  I  assure  you,  unless 
this  account  is  settled  immediately,  we  shall 
have  entry  made  and  attachment  issued.  Kindly 
attend  to  this  matter  at  once,  and  save  further 
trouble.  (8o) 

Yours  truly, 

(13) 
Messrs.  Hastings  &  Co., 

Camden,  N.  J. 
Gentlemen : — We  are  compelled  to  inform  you 
that,  from  causes  beyond  our  control,  we  are 
obliged  to  suspend  payments.  After  a  thorough 
examination,  we  are  convinced  of  the  impossibil- 
ity of  meeting  our  obligations.  We  are  now  bal- 
^acing  our  books,  on  the  completion  of  which  we 
will  send  you  a  statement  of  our  afifairs.  Until 
this  is  done,  we  ask  a  suspension  of  your  judg- 
ment. Assuring  you  again  that  our  embarrass- 
ments arise  solely  in  consequence  of  occurrences 
which  we  could  not  prevent,  (8o)  we  are, 

Yours  respectfully, 
Mr.  W.  A.  Ropp,  (14) 

Sedalia,  Mo. 
Dear  Sir: — I  have  yours  of  the  13th  inst.,  en- 
closing shipping  receipt,  as  stated.  In  regard  to 
soliciting  shipments  during  the  coming  season,  I 
wish  to  say  that  I  have  no  notion  of  making  any 
change  at  your  station.  Our  dealings,  so  far  as 
I  know,  have  been  thoroughly  satisfactory  in  the 
past,  and  I  shall  be  very  glad  if  you  will  continue 
to  represent  my  interests  at  your  town.  I  shall 
gladly  pay  you  for  any  trouble  or  expense  you 
may  incur  in  getting  shipments  frompthers. 
Very  respectfully  yours,*  (90) 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography.         115 

Business  Correspondence. 

(15) 
Mr.  John  Hawkins, 

Fall  River,  Mass. 
Dear  Sir: — You  will  remember  while  in  your 
office  a  few  weeks  ago  you  kindly  offered  to  as- 
sist me  in  gaining  an  introduction  to  several  large 
firms  in  your  city.  Will  you  now  permit  me  to 
ask  for  a  few  letters  to  some  of  your  prominent 
dealers,  upon  whom  I  should  like  to  call.  I  am 
sure  your  standing  and  influence  among  them 
would  not  only  increase  the  benefit  of  your  in- 
troduction, but  greatly  advance  my  chances  of 
securing  orders.  Hoping  you  will  pardon  me  for 
troubling  you,  I  am,   (90) 

Sincerelv  yours, 
(r6j 
Messrs.  Claxton  &  Co., 
Chicago,  111. 
Gentlemen : — Your  esteemed  favor  of  the  9th 
is  before  us,  in  reply  to  which  we  beg  to  enclose 
our  trade  list  of  publications,  together  with  a  few 
complete  catalogues,  in  accordance  with  your  re- 
quest.    Our  terms  of  settlement  are  as  follows: 
Discount  of  5%  for  cash  in  ten  days,  net  30  days. 
Should  these  terms  meet  your  approbation,  and 
our  interview  with  your  Mr.  Claxton  result  fa- 
vorably, we  shall  be  happy  to  have  your  name  on 
our  books.    -Awaiting  Mr.  Claxton's  visit,  we  are. 
Yours  trulv,  (90) 

(17)  ' 
Messrs.  Jewett  &  Co., 
Hartford,  Conn. 
Gentlemen :— Your  letter  threatening  law  pro- 
ceedings compels  me  to  announce  my  inability  to 
meet  any  obligations  at  present.     As  you  are  my 


1 1 G        Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 

Business  Correspondence. 

principal  creditor,  I  appeal  to  your  sympathy  not 
to  increase  my  troubles  by  resorting  to  legal 
measures.  I  require  time  to  extricate  myself 
from  the  position  in  which  I  have  been  placed 
through  no  fault  of  mine,  and  I  must,  therefore, 
ask  your  indulgence  for  a  short  time,  which  re- 
quest, if  ungranted,  will  oblige  me.  in  justice  to 
all,  to  make  an  assignment  for  the  benefit  of  my 
creditors. 

With  an  earnest  desire  to  honestly  adjust  all 
claims  against  me,  (loo)  I  am, 

Respectfully  yours, 

(i8) 
Mr.  D.  G.  Piper, 

Indianapolis,  Ind. 

Dear  Sir : — In  accordance  with  your  esteemed 
favor  of  the  5th  instant,  we  have  the  pleasure  to 
enclose  you  invoice  of  merchandise,  shipped  this 
day  per  the  Frisco  R.  R.,  amounting  to  .J375.00, 
which  is  subject  to  our  usual  discount  of  5%  for 
cash. 

From  the  opinion  of  you  expressed  by  your 
references,  we  have  no  hesitation  in  opening  an 
account,  and  quoting  you  our  very  best  terms. 
Believing  the  goods  will  compare  favorably  with 
any  in  the  market,  we  desire  that  you  will  satisfy 
yourself  as  to  the  price  and  quality  before  re- 
mitting. In  the  meantime,  we  are, 
Yours  truly,  (100) 

(19) 
Mr.  Charles  Dement, 
Savannah,  Ga. 
Dear  Sir: — We  hereby  confirm  our  telephone 
conversation  with  you  of  this  dav,  wherein  we 


Complete  Manual  of  Fhonoyraphy.         1 1 7 

Business  Correspondence. 

stated  that  the  purchaser  of  your  property  at  315 
S.  Main  Street  would  prefer  to  make  settlement 
of  the  same  on  Monday  next,  the  15th  inst.,  and 
requests  that  you  have  all  papers  ready  for  him 
by  that  time.  Will  you  kindly  advise  us  in  the 
meantime  what  company  is  insuring  the  title,  the 
number  of  your  application,  and  also  what  hour 
of  the  day  will  be  the  most  convenient  for  you  to 
make  this  settlement,  in  order  that  there  will  be 
no  conflict  with  any  of  our  other  settlements? 

Awaiting  your  reply  in  this  connection,  we 
remain,   (no) 

Yours  very  truly, 

(20) 
The  Skinner  Collection  Agencv, 
Oakland,  CaUf. 

Dear  Sirs : — Replying  to  your  letter  of  the  13th 
inst.,  we  enclose  statement  of  our  account,  ^350, 
against  the  Frisco  Plumbing  Co.  We  hope  you 
may  be  able  to  make  this  collection  without  suit, 
yet  it  will  be  useless  to  wait  many  days  on  their 
promises.  Let  us  know  what  money  is  needed 
for  expenses,  and  we  will  send  check.. 

The  first  item,  .^49.  is  for  some  samples,  and 
they  were  to  be  returned,  but  the  goods  have 
never  been  received  by  us.  We  have  been  selling 
the  company  since  March,  and  have  not  been  in- 
formed of  any  change  in  the  firm.  Enclosed  find 
the  last  letter  received  from  them  relative  to  the 
account. 

Yours  very  truly,     (120) 


1 1 S         Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 


Kvy  to  Business  Correspondence. 
•      (1) 

■\_,.  o  -J^  ^  ^^  ^__^^^  ^.^^ 

(2) 
(3) 


W   O.K. 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography.         11 'J 


Kgy  to  Business  Correspondence 
(4) 


■-/ 


^ 


(5) 


^-7)  A^ 


CT^ 


^ 


(c) 


120        Complete  Manual  of  I*liono(jraphy. 


Kev  to  Busino^^;  Correfpondeuct. 
(7) 


\ 


1^. 


(8) 


(9) 


1 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography.         121 


Key  to  Business  Cqrrespondeuce. 
(10) 

k"x  (u)  "X«/; 

y^A  "  <>  ^  ^-^  /  t^  y  -W^r. 

(12)  ^ 

-^     X  A  <?:      ,     Lj^  ,<^ ^   K 

-L ^ ; )  W,l)-K. 


122        Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 


Key  to  Business  Corri'spotultTiii-. 

(13)  I 

</■•- ^^^\  :^^  n^  V -^  vK 

(14) 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography.         123 


•\- 


(15) 


Key  to  Business  Correspondence. 

n     ^   \..V.N  -^    ~1    7    "VGxV3 


^. 


V^ 


■^r^, 


"^ 


V^ 


<L 


^  ^^j> 


'       (16) 


124        Complete  Manual  uf  Phonography. 


Key  to  Business  Correspondence. 

(11) 


\j-^ 


(18) 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography.         125 


Key  to  Business  Correspondence. 

-^  .rd"  ^   \^    ■  -,  -"^    n.^.  '>! 

(19) 

^)^  ^^^  -V  ^  ^'^ 


^  .^'^     (o—y^   C 


Y^2^ 


njL-l 


126        Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 


Key  to  Business  Correspondeuce. 
(20) 


\  <-v_  (o  ^  (  \,  <^'  ]r\  yos^c^ 


^ 


Vf^ 


> 


CTA 


^ 


^ 


■  ^  (^ 


^    A    V~;   -T;^,   ^^;c 
(    C    ^^  ^    N^    -^  t^^   ^^— ^"^  V 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 
Rbporting  Contractions. 


127 


Abstractive 

administrate 

administrator 

administratrix 
ad vertise-d  ment 
agriculture-al* 
aiitagonist-ic-ism* 

applicable-ility 

appreciate-d 

appointment 

appreciation 

arbitration 

architect-ure-al 

aristocratic-acy 

assemble-d-y 

asioiiish  ed  ment* 

^.ajn  . 

att       ment 
one 

artificial* 
anniversary* 

Beneficial 

Baptise-d-sm 

benevolent-ce 


V^> —  Benignant-ity 

\      Cabinet 

v^    Calvinism 

^     capable 

\      Captain* 
(jT^      celestial 
oA^    certificate 
cJ  circumstance 

(^^^    circumstantial 
— <=^^    commercial-ly* 
constitution-al 


S 
I 


I 


/ 


construction 
contentment 
contingent-cy 
controversy-ial 

V^_   covenant 

e-*-' examine-d  * 

cross- 
examination 

— i^-^v  customer 

<^  consequence 

^  citizen 

{j-^"\  Discriminate  . 

(j-'  distinct 


128        Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 


Reporting  Contractions. 


I 

b 

L- 

i 

2 


r 


December 

defendant 

deficient-cy 

defective 

degeneration 

democrat-ic-acy 

demonstrate 

description 

dignify-ed-ty 

depreciate-d 

disappointment 

discharge-d 

displeasure 

dissimilar 

distinguish-ed 

Efficient-ly-cy 

entertainment 

enthusiast-ic  asm 

Esquire* 

evangelic-al 

example* 

exchequer 


-1, 


executor 

executrix 

expenditure 

expensive  ^^ 

extemporaneous 

extinguish-ed 

extraordinar}' 

extra  vagant-ce 

exceptional-ly 

F'amiliar-ly-ity 
financially 

friendship 
Generalization 


Henceforth 
holiness 

Imperfect-tion 

impregnable 

incapable 

inconsiderate 

indenture 

independent- ce 

indescribable 


Complete  Manual  of  Phono<jrd,phy. 
Reporting  Contractions. 

Indignant-tion 
indiscriminate-ly 

indispensable 

individual- ly-ily* 

inefficient-ly 

inform-ed 

inscribed* 

inscription* 

insignificance* 

insignificant* 

inspect-ed-tion 

insubordinate-ion 

insufficient-ly 

insurance 

intelligent 

intelligence 

intelligible 

intemperance 

introductive 

investment 

irrespective 

January 


129 


Journalism 

i 

jurisdiction 

\ 

jurisprudence 

Magnetic-ism* 

T 

majority 

''^ 

.  manufacture-r 

--^-D 

mechanic-al-ly* 

/-V 

melancholy 

r  WN 

methodism* 

-v^ 

metropolitan 

1 

ministry 

1 

misdemeanor 

>_/— 

Xegotiate-d 

^^ 

negotiable 

^/-^ 

negotiation 

^ 

Obscurity 

V 

observation 

\ 

"^4 

obstructive 

organize-d 

^ 

organization 

yf 

original-ly 

■^ 

originality 

130        Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 
Reporting  Contractions. 


> 


Passenger 

perpendicularly 

perpetual-ly 

philanthropy 

philanthropist 

prejudice-d 

preliminary 

prerogative 
productive 

prospective 

Presbyterian-ism 

preservation 

proficient-cy 

proportionately 

proportion-ed 

Recognizance 

regeneration 

repugnant-ce 

resignation 

respectively 

revolutionary 

recollection 


y^\j    Restrictive 
--^    respective 
^'NN)   retrospective 
-^^^  revenue 
•^       Selfish-ness 

\^    subservient 

^      subjective 
N>  substantial-ly 

Np        substartiate-tion 

^^    sufficient-ly-cy 

^*"^, superscribe-d 

^  _->  superscription 

\       suspect-ed 
j\     suspicious 

N^     Tabernacle 
>a —  thanksgiving 
^—^   transmission 

J         transubstantiation 

/        tribunal 

-^^-P   Unconstitutional 
'    ^— P  unquestiouable-ly 
''--^  unsubstantial-ly 

\^^  United  States. 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography.         131 

In  tlie  abbreviations  in  tlie  following  exercises  the 
Stroke  S,  downward  R,  and  downward  I,  are  represented 
by  a  small  capital  letter. 

Writing  Exercise. 
In  writing  for  the  newspapers  we  must  give 
an  nt-jnt  d-skr  of  the  movement  of  our  pln-p 
abroad,  and  d-st-ing  nd-vds;  the  nirj  of  our  st-t- 
tion  and  R-s-t  members  at  home  as  well.  It  is 
n-qu-s-tn  a  kr-k-s-k  of  jr-s-m,  and  an  nd-s-pns 
condition  of  success,  and  every  notable  s-t-ns 
which  happens  in  the  k-mr,  the  R-s-t,  the  f-nn, 
and  the  pr-f-tion  world,  should -be  reported  in  a 
s-b-s-tn,  s-n-s-b,  and  nt-j-bl  manner,  and  at  a  pr- 
p-rt  length  to  its  importance.  A  mere  j-ns-tion 
will  not  suffice.  The  political  department  of  a 
newspaper  must  contain  nt-j-ns  relative  to  the  s- 
tr-tion  of  a  new  k-b,  the  n-k-s-p  r-s-g  of  one  of 
its  members,  and  another  pt-mnt  in  the  mn-s-t  as 
a  s-b-s-tt,  and  of  thus  obtaining  r-k-n  of  his  ser- 
vices and  a  s-b-s-tn  reward .  Every  political  tr-vr 
must  be  touched  upon  with  d-g.  The  condition 
of  the  national  k-s-ch,  4:he  state  of  the  r-v,  and 
k-s-pnd,  must  each  r-s-p-vl  be  matters  of  b-s-r. 
K-s-tr-v  or  n-s-f-sh  in  any  p-b  department  must 
be  exposed,  and  the  r-r  should  d-mn-s-tt  that  he 
is  f-m  with  the  topics  he  treats  upon.  If  an  m- 
pr-f,  d-f-sh  in  the  accounts,  n-s-f-sh  of  funds  or 
any  other  n-s-t-tion  and  n-s-t-s-r  feature  in  a 
d-m-kr  or  any  political  R-g-ns-tion  is  detected 
which  renders  it  n-k-p  of  f-sh  work,  it  is  an  nd-s- 
p-ns  duty  of  the  writer  to  d-s-ch  his  r-s-p-ns 
duty,  and  n-f  his  readers  in  a  d-s-nt-s-td  and  nd- 
pnd  manner  of  it,  not  seeking  to  d-st-ng  himself, 
but  heedless  whether  he  provokes  the  nd-g  and 
d-s-zhr  of  the  d-m-kr  or  not.  His  d-s-nt-std  and 
nd-pnd  will  n-qu-s-tn  seldom  go  unrewarded. 


132        Complete  Manual. of  Phonography. 
Reading  Exercisu. 


irxrxA^ 


X. 


A  >^"-1^  ^^  -\  J\,  U 


^::\^\% 


-^  >   ^  '  '^  ->  J ;  '^  ^  .0 


^_^  ^  V   ^  /^  V  ^^^.  ,  V 


-fl ^-A. 


^"\1  .  i  <^-a. 


-C"^  ]  -c'^,-u--/ 


u.    ^-(.    .^—1  ^  "~  X    -r\ 


><y^i^)<.^:\k-'^ 


cn^     \/V._,  °  ^    -1-.,— \,  c 


<    N,'^    N    1    N/^^^^^ 


N   /°    .    .^    ( 


/. 


O 


^  ^(  -^^ -^//r^v,  y 


A  ^  \   cL-     w.  P.K.J 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography.         133 

Writing  Exercise. 

The  editor  who  has  been  n-f  that  the  tr-b  be- 
fore which  the  n-s-b  was  tried,  acted  in  an  n-d-s- 
kr  manner ;  they  s-m  together  in  b-s-k.  The  rea- 
sons for  this  jr-s-d-tion  are  n-s-f-sh  and  n-s-b- 
s-t,  .and  a  report  would  not  be  r-p-g  or  n-nt-s-t 
to  those  who  s-b-s-k  to  or  d-vr  in  his  paper; 
his  pr-l-m  steps  are  to  send  a  reporter,  of  whose 
pr-f-sh  for  the  task  he  has  no  doubt,  to  interview 
a  private  or  k-pt.  The  officers  are  usually  s-sh 
n-s-d-rt,  and  S-s-p  persons,  who  have  no  s-b-stn- 
grounds  to  S-s-p  the  reporter,  n-v  do  so,  and  to 
his  St-n  refuse  him  any  n-tion.  Their  reticence 
is  m-pr-g.  The  reporter  is  nd-g,  and  feels  his 
d-s-pt-mnt  keenly;  his  s-n-s-b  is  injured,  but  he 
is  nd-f-t  in  his  calling,  and  controls  his  nd-g, 
and  makes  his  pride  s-b-s-r  to  his  judgnfent.  He 
will  find  some  n-s-sh  person,  kr-s-k  and  take  down 
all  s-b-s-t  facts  he  can  from  his  kr-s-k,  and  send 
his  tr-s-k-p-tion  to  the  office  of  his  paper.  Of 
course  this  is  k-s-p-ns,  but  it  is  an  n-v-s-t  which 
pays.  The  pr-s-r  of  the  nd-pnds  of  his  paper 
should  be  studied,  and  nothing  nt-g  allowed  to 
pr-j  it.  Incidents  not  d-ss-m  to  the  above  oc- 
cur every  month,  from  J-n  to  D-s-m — in  fact,  last 
s-pt-m  or  N-v  s-m-ng  like  it  took  place;  but  you 
must  not  be  St-n  if  I  n-f  you  that  a  large  pr-p 
of  it  is  hushed  up.  Some  people  are  jealous  of 
what  they  consider  their  pr-r-g ;  they  think  the  p- 
b-tion  might  be  nt-dv  of  result  which  would  prove 
d-s-trv,  and  they  put  every  b-str-tion  in  the  way. 
The  press  p-r-f-s  good  service  both  to  the  m-n-fk 
and  the  m-kn  by  their  application  of  m-kn  skill 
as  applied  to  the  wonderful  rii-n-f  goods. 


\M        Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 

WHAT   AM    I    TO    DO    NOW? 

When  the  student  has  mastered  all  that  has 
preceded  in  this  Manual,  and  can  write  at  a  fair 
rate  of  speed,  he  will  naturally  ask  the  question, 
"What  am  I  to  do  now?"  If  he  is  under  the  in- 
struction of  a  competent  teacher,  it  is  very  prob- 
able that  the  question  will  not  need  to  be  asked, 
for  the  chances  are  that  he  will  have  been  directed 
from  the  start  as  to  the  best  method  of  practice  to 
lead  him  to  the  degree  of  proficiency  he  desires. 
If  you  wish  tp  attain  a  high  rate  of  speed,  you 
may  profit  by  the  following  suggestions : 

Write  from  dictation  a  business  letter  or  se- 
lection of  about  1 20  words.  Do  not  stop  to  de- 
cide as  to  the  best  outlines  at  the  time  of  writing, 
but  write  the  first  one  that  comes  to  your  mind. 
At  the  end  of  the  dictation,  immediately  read 
your  notes  aloud,  and  at  the  same  time  correct 
any  errors  you  may  have  made  in  your  notes. 
This  is  the  time  when  you  should  test  your  short- 
hand skill,  as  well  as  your  knowledge  of  it. 

Write,  read,  and  correct  the  same  matter  until 
you  can  write  it  at  the  rate  of  120  words  a  minute, 
and  read  your  notes  with  absolute  accuracy. 
Then  take  new  matter,  of  about  125  words,  and 
proceed  in  the  same  way,  each  time  increasing 
the  number  of  words  in  the  selection  until  it 
contains  at  least  600  words. 

If  you  intend  to  become  a  court  reporter,  then 
you  should  attain  a  speed  of  not  less  than  150 
words  a  minute.     After  a  few  days,  let  the  time 
of  dictation  be  increased  to   ten   minutes,  then' 
fifteen,  twenty,  twenty-five  minutes  or  more. 

If  you  wish  to  attain  to  a  trulv  high  rate  of 
speed,  you  should  TAKE  UP  PHRASING. 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography.         135 

PHRASING. 

Phrasing  occupies  a  unique  position.  Some 
stenographers  employ  it,  others  do  not;  one  can, 
another  cannot.  The  remove  is  a  wide  one  from 
the  practice  of  the  writer  who  declared  that 
"Where  do  you  reside?"  was  the  extent  of  his 
phrasing,  up  to  the  complicated  angles  of  the 
enthusiast. 

Almost  any  combination  of  words  of  relative 
meaning  may  be  phrased,  though  this  is  not  saying 
they  should  be.  Never  phrase  what  is  not  a 
phrase — that  is,  never  combine  outlines  of  words 
that  have  not  a  mutual  dependence  upon  one 
another,  which  is  equivalent  to  saying,  never 
phrase  over  a  punctuation  mark,  or  any  stop  in 
speech.  Do  not  extend  phrases  too  far  below  or 
too  far  above  the  line ;  make  them  show  as  sharp 
angles  as  possible. 

The  vital  question  is,  When  to  begin  phrasing? 
So  many  forget  to  phrase  in  the  excitement  of 
rapid  writing.  We  believe  that  the  acquirement 
can  well  be  postponed  until  considerable  facility 
in  writing  has  been  attained.  Then  take  up 
phrasing  as  a  distinct  feature,  and  carry  it  for- 
ward, not  forgetting  to  stop  within  conservative 
limits. 

Phrasing  should  be  developed  from  profi- 
ciency; it  should  be  last  in  the  steps  toward 
shorthand  perfection.  Do  not  attempt  to  com- 
mit phrases  to  memory,  but  rather  master  the 
principles,  as  given  in  the  following  list.  In- 
deed, those  are  merely  suggestive  of  many  hun- 
dred phrases  which  may  be  written  in  accordance 
with  the  principles  therein  given. 


136        Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 
ADVANCED  PHRAvSEOGRAPHY. 


Able  to  make 


xy^'-^  absolutely 
o  necesssary 

\^^    all  over  the  world 

J^  all  circumstances 

^  all  that  has  bteeti 

HP  all  that  is  said 

Si  all  that  is  to  be 

Vt .     ill  that  you  can 

Q.  all  these,  those 

\^-Q     all  times 
\y^     all  the  way 

^^■^~^__^  ind-in  the  same 

manner 
\.  and  as  if 

*^  and  believe  d 

A  and  complain  t-ed 

\^  and  composed 

^^  and  have  been 

^       and  have  done 
'\^y^  and  if  it  were 


7^ 


And  have  their 
and  is  not 
and  need  not 

and  in  this  manner 


Q_D 


and  in  like  manner 

''    V^    and  never 

\4j_^    and  the  present 

'^    ^     and  the  contrary 

^-^        as  far  as 

as  good  as 

iS  if  there  were 

/T^""^    as  long  as 

(pv^JJ         as  many  as  pos- 
'^     sible 

A^^        as  much  as 
1/'^=*      at  last,  least 

k  at  their  own 

I'^\q_^  at  the  present  day 

Urv —  at  the  same  time 

J.,^^.^.^^  at  some  time 


<r-»^-—   Great  deal 
C^        great  extent 
great  many 


Oompleie  Manual  of  PJwnography. 
Advanced  Phraseography. 
t>        Because  it  is 
V/^.       between  them 

\/  j     between  us 
y        by  which  it  was 

X  by  which  they  are 

\  Can  remember 

\)  commonplace 

I  j  Day  after  day 

^  From  them 


1:^7 


from  me,  my  or 

him 

forever  and  ever 

^         for  this 
^    qJot  this  reason 

VsQ_p —  for  his  own  sake 

Vo — y^  for  the  sake  c.f 

^-Vwi>     for  instance 
o     6 

^-^''^\^  for  the  most  part 


for  the  purpose 
Vy^    fully  considered 


have  had 


have  not  had 
having  regard 

he  has  been 

Ay^*^'^''~^hoyv  are  we  to 

know 
A— O     how  could  you 

/y^,.^,^^^  how  many  of  such 
/V-^     how  must 
yy/^      how  will  they 

"^-I  am  glad  to  know 

^7      I  admit  that 
\fy^l  believe  you  will 
1,^^!  can  do  nothing 
[//)     I  dare  say 
"^    ^     I  expect  you 
M.       ^.I  fear  you  will 


138        Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 


Advanced  Phraseography. 
am  very  glad  to 


fear  you  w  11 
think 

think  there 
will  be 

must  be  sure 

must  see 

have  not  seeu 
have  been 
have  been  told 
have  done 

have  had  many 
have  indeed 
have  said 
have  suggested 

see  there  is 
hope  you  are 

hope  you  will  b 

know  that  you 

may 

know  they  will 
know  there  is 


may  as  well 

may  be  told  that 
may  not  be 
may  perhaps  be 

do  not  know  why 

need  not 

need  not  point 
out 

shall  be 

shall  be  glad 

shall  never  be 

shall  esteem  it 

shall  not  be 

think  it  is  impos- 
sible 

think  so 

■  think  there  is 

think  there  will 
be 

will  be  glad 

will  not  be 

am  sure  there  is 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 
Advamcsd  Phrasbography. 


139 


^O       I  will  say 
v/^       I  will  try 

V  I  wish  it  was 

y      I  wish  there 

V         /  i^  ever  you  are 
f  it  is  said 
f  it  is  not 

f  such  is  the  case 
f  those  who  ca  i 

f  there  is  to  be 

f  there  is  not 
n  all  respects 
n  all  there,  their 

a  such  places 

n  comparison 
with 

n  cousequence   of 

n  fact  it  is 

n  like  manner 
n  the  main 


In  my  opiniou 
I         in  order  to  do 
^■~^~t      in  the  same  place 
^^ — <      in  their  place 

\?  in  proportion 
Xi  in  reference  to 
in  regard  to  the 

^^       in  relation  to 
^       in  respect  to 
in  so  many 
in  so  much  as 
in  as  much  as 
in  such  manner  as 

^■^Y^     in  support  of 

^^'^Ayxj  in  the  first  place 
^ — ^~\^  in  the  second  place 
'     P      in  the  third  place 
^'^\^in  the  next  place 
rt)  in  the  last  place 


^ 
^ 

^ 


\40        Complete  Manual  of  Phonographi/. 
Advanced  Phraseography. 


In  their  opinion 
in  their  case 

] it  is  most  impor- 

*~if^^      tant 

ka     in  their  statement 

T.         in  consideration  of 
— p     in  connection  with 

^-yX'  in  this  country 

K2_o   in  this  instance 

^-/        in  this  neighbor- 
^^i-^    hood 

in  which  it  ap- 
peared 
^^    ■ 
O        into  the  other 

A       into  consideration 


it  can  be 

ould  not  be 
it  has  been 


L- s^  it  c 

J  it  has  been  sug- 
%)  gested 

<r~b  ^^  ^^  impossible 

1^  it  is  many 

I  it  seems  impos- 
o~5~^      sible 


^^•^       In  which  it  is 
<K^   it 

L 


IS  my  opinion 

t  is  necessary  that 
it  is  so 


i^^ 


t  is  quite  certain 
t  is  not  so 
t  is  surely 
it  is  said  that 
t  is  well  known 

it  maj'  be  so 
Ladies  and  gentle- 


'  </  men 

y^  less  and  less 

C^  More  or  less 

cr~^^  more  and  more 

^    ^  my  dear  sir 

j  my  dear  sister 

V  my  fellow-citizens 

"^-^  my  own  opinion 

^^\  North  and  south 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography 
Advanced  Phraseography. 

U->       On 


141 


'"     U     Of  course  it  is 


course  they  will 


N''^ 


of  importance 
L         if  its  own 
^^^  of  life,  love 
^"^^   >f  many  of  them 
O^        of  such  as  have 
^        of  this  subject 
//     of  -which  you  will 
^^     on  account  of  their 
^<j     on  account  of  his 
^^    )n  my  part 
[/^'  on  the  contrary 
G        on  the  other  hand 
\j^^  in  the  present 
\y^  on  the  part  of 

J       on  their  own 
on  this  subject 


i 


this  account 

on  this  point 

Peculiar  circum- 
stances 


\^^^<— ^  oer  annum 

V 

0  point  of  view 

(f—^      Secretary  of  State 

J         shall  be  consid- 
Sr|  ered 

y/  shall  have 

-A  should  be  able  to 

'  '^V--.  should  have  been 

-''^  should  not  do 

X    been 


per  cent 

peculiar  circum- 
stances of  the  case 


should  not  have 
been 

should  not  think 
should  think 


j^___^-N    on  my  own  ac- 
^"^      count 


Nfl  short  space  of  time 

cL  so  as  to  be 

^-"'x^   so  as  to  receive 


142 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 
Advanced  Phraseography. 


I 

h 


4 
K 


\ 


o*sy? 


So  many  as 
so  there  is  not 

That  have  been 

that  it  may  as  well 
that  such  is 
that  they  were 
that  's  the  time 

that  which  has 

been 
that  you  will  have 

they  are  not 

tnere  is  not 

there  can  be 

there  could  not  be 

there  could  not 
have  been 

take-n  into  con- 
sideration 

there  must  be 

there  must  have 

been 
there  is  not  much 

there  ij  no  such 


There  is  another 
fact 

0  ihere  is  another 

<^^-^  point 

here  is  another 
subject 

here  is  no  more 


\ 
\ 


here  seems  to  be 

here  were  some 

here  should  be 
hose  who  can 

hough  there 'is 
ime  to  time 
o  as  many  as 
o  be  able  to 

o  be  able  to  make 

o  become 

o  be  saved  from 

o  do  something 
o  live,  love 
o  as  many  of  those 
o  which  you  are  in 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 

Advanced  Phraseography. 

What  may  not 
what  were  the 


143 


^^   U.  S.  Bonds 
V^^  U.  S.  Court 
r   upon  it 

v 

I  upon  its  own 

VD         Vice  versa 
)^1      Was  it  right 

^  was  not  so 

/'^w  was  writing 

Cc/         we  were  in 

^,_^^^  we  have  not 

C — 0     we  may  as  well 

(J    C_  we  will  be  glad 

"^\/"^what  can  be  the 
^  reason 

\^    what  can  be  the 

\,     what  could  be  th 
"^        what  could  they 

j  what  is  it 

^ N.  what  is  the  mattei 


what  Nvere  their-re 

what  were  the 

reasons 


C^y^   when  we  are 
^y^      which  are 

ly^^~^   which  are  neces- 
/  sary 

^"^       which  cannot  be 

^^       which  have  been 
^-'V      which  has  not  been 

/ 
P"^      which  have  not 

O  which  is,  or  has 

Q_y\     which  is  now 

ly\^  wnich  receive 


1 


what's  the  differ- 
ence 


■  i 


which  was  the 


sy^^  which  were  cer- 
,^   (      tain-ly 
^->/^     which  were  likely 


4 


which  were  not 
which  could  be 


144        CnmpUte  Manual  of  Phonography. 
Advanced  Phraseography. 


r\—:3  Which  will  be 

taken 
A/'         which  you  are  not 

kx._,.,^£y'  which  is  not  nec- 
essary 


who  has  been 
who  have  been 
who  will  not  be 
who  were 


who  would  no 

doubt 

^      \will  there  be 


C.^''\o  w 


11  not  be  ready 
11  this,  these 

thits 

th  relation  to 

th  reference  to 
which 
th  the  exception 

th  reference  to 

th  respect  to 

th  regard  to 


Witli  which  it  is 
-  not 

^-^      with  which  it 
^  must  be 

V_/«,,,^      would  have  been 

V_^        would  have  to.be 
,>^  would  rather  be 

^  ^-''^  would  rather  be 

excused 
^        T   would  make  them 

■*^— ^     would  no  doubt 

*^\__    would  not  have 

'^N       Vou  were 

rf  V*^~'y'5"  will  be  certain 

Or     >0  3  ou  will  be  sure  to 

fi  Vj  you  will  think  of  it 

'y  V  you  will  be  able  to 

<V^  you  will  not  be 

rv^  you  may  not 
/VT)<_/  you  must  not 

n/^-X  you  should  not  be 


th  which  it  has  , 

been     '^        you  were  not 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography.         145 

INTERSECTED  WORDS. 

The  practice  of  intersection,  or  the  writing  of 
one-stroke  consonant  through  another,  is  of  much 
utihty  in  providing  the  writer  with  a  brief,  dis- 
tinctive, and  easily  written  form  for  the  titles  of 
public  companies,  officials,  the  names  of  political 
parties,  etc.,  all  of  which  are  usually  uttered  with 
more  rapidity  by  dictators  and  public  speakers 
than  ordinary  phrases. 

A  knowledge  of  the  principles  of  intersection 
will  enable  the  student  to  devise  similar  con- 
tractions for  any  very  long  or  otherwise  awkward 
phrase  which  is  common  to  the  business  or  pro- 
fession in  which  he  may  be  engaged.  When  the 
direction  of  the  stroke  will  not  allow  of  inter- 
section, the  second  letter  may  be  written  close  to, 
or  under,  th^  first. 

P,  may  be  employed  to  represent  Party. 

B,  may  be  employed  to  represent  Bank. 

T,  may  be  employed  to  represent  Committee. 

D,  may  be  employed  to  represent  Department. 

K,  may  be  employed  to  represent  Company. 

S,  may  be  employed  to  represent  Society. 

Ray,  may  be  employed  to  represent  Railroad,  Ry. 

Association  may  be  represented  by  adding  the 
circle  S  and  the  back  -tion  hook. 

Remember  that  the  first  word  in  a  phrase 
MUST  occupy  its  own  position;  and  unimportant 
words,  such  as:  the,  of,  and,  or,  by,  to,  etc.,  may 
be  omitted.  Thus :  for  (the)  sake,  any  part  (of) 
them,  again  (and)  again,  two  (or)  three,  side  (by) 
side,  face  (to)  face,  from  day  (to)  day,  day  (by) 
day,  etc. 


146        Complete  Manual  of  Plionography. 

Miscellaneous  Intersected  Phrases  and 
Contractions. 


h^ 


Act  of  assembly 
Act  of  Congress 

Assembly  Cham- 
ber 

ij^aT  At  owner's  risk 

*''~\_  Adams  Exp.  Co. 
/'-yy^^  .\merican  Exp.  Co. 

\ 

\       City  Bank 

yjr)      Constitution  of  the 
Y^       U.  S 

I  '  Day  by  day 

f>  I  -,  Executive  Com- 
(        mittee 
V    j      Fire  Department 

.-4-^     General  Manager 

^(       General  Superin 
'         tendent 


Bnr  Association 


Board  of  Directors 

Capital  punish- 
ment 


High  water  mark 

House  of 

Representatives 

Matter  of  form 
Member  of 

Congress 

National  Exp.  Co. 

National  Bank 

Official 

Stenographer 

Palace  Car 

Company 

Passenger 

Department 
Post  Master 

General 
Police 

Department 

President  of  the 

U.  S. 
Secretary  of  State 

Secretary  of  War 
Stock  Exchange 

U.  S.  Express  Co. 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography.         147 
Writing  Exercise. 

(Words  Connected  by  a  hyphen  are  to  be  phrased.     Wur.ds 
in  parentheses  are  to  be  omitted.) 

The  Vital  Factor,  in-adding  to-the  world's 
stores,  is-labor.  Thank-God  every-day-you-live, 
for-the-strength  and-the-opportunity  to-work.  No 
matter  what  -  position  you  -  may-have-inherited, 
or-how  much-money  you-may-have  secured,  life 
will-become  hollow  for-you  unless  you-are-at 
work.  It  -  makes  -  no  -  difference  whether  -  your- 
work-is  mental  or-manual,  whether-it-makes-sof t 
hands  or-rough,  whether  you-are  a  captain  or  (a) 
private  in-the  ranks  (of  the)  employed.  It-is- 
the-sure,  strong,  sweet-law  (of)  Nature,  that-one- 
is- happy  if -his  mind  is  -  well-adjusted  to-the- 
subject  of-labor;  and-if  his  head,  and-his-hands, 
are-adding  something  to-the-sum  (of  the)  world's 
accumulation. 

WORK,  the  steady,  persistent-doing  of  things, 
upon  a  workable  plan,  is-the  foundation  of  all 
ordinary  accomplishments.  If-you-get-the  idea 
that-things-which  you  have  studied  in-the-books 
are-sufficient  to  enable-you  to-get  on-without- 
this  persistent  doing  of  things,  your-case-is- 
hopeless.  If-you  have-acquired  habits  of-life, 
and-ways  of  living,  which  unfit-you  for-engaging 
in-this  serious  labor,  it-is  a  great-pity  you  ever- 
went  to  college.  Still  the  average  college-person- 
has  an  advantage  over-the  average  other-person, 
if-his-head-is  straight  on-the  work  question.  If- 
,it-is-not.  then  his  college-degree  makes-his-fail- 
ure,  unfortvmately,  the  more  (con)spicuous. 


148        Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 
LAW  PHRASES. 


_f  t^^  Actual  damage 

\j— ^  affidavit  and  order 

>  articles  of 

^  agreement 

% — \  as  to  the  matter . 

Q< — ^  as  to  this  matter 

N^^"  Bankruptcy  Court 

XJ     ^-  before  him,  or  me 

V-^.  being  duly  sworn 

\  Beneficial  estate 

\^  Bill  of  sale 


l^ 


by  this  action 
by  this  Court 


N 


Called  for  the 

defendant 

Called  for  the 
Cj^r  plaintiff 

^^~\j  Called  on  his  own 
behalf 

.Criminal  Court 

Court  of  Records 

c — ''^  Criminal 

cV  Jurisprudence 

\  Deed  of  Trust 


\_^P^     Circuit  Court 

^,^\^^^jcircumstantial 

evidence 
'v^_y       common  jury 

^^7^  common  law 

~^^  County  Clerk 

— ^_^  County  Court 

'~~^l^  County  Treasurer 

p       Counsel  for  the 

^  defendant 

— P      Counsel  for  the 
"*  plaintiff 

"     ^V      Counsel  for  the 

^S--'  prisoner 

■ — 6\    ->  Counsel  for  the 
°  prosecution 

*^^    Court  of 

^  Bankruotcy 

r-r     ,— X  Court  of  Claims 
Court  of  Equity 


J     Court  of 
>  D     Court  of 


a' 


Court  of  general 

sessions 
Justice 

special 
sessions 


SFor  the  plaintiff 
7"         for  this  action 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography.         149 


Law  Phrases. 


^^         Defendant's 

'^^^  testimony 

1 


Direct  evidence 

*—(r~^  Direct  examina- 

Ltion 
District  Attorney 
£^-c —       District  Court 


l^^o 


Documentary 

evidence 
Federal  Court 


s_ 


do  you  mean  to  say 

Fiduciary  capacity 

__^  final  decree 

V^        for  defendant 

judgment  for  the 
plaintiff 
--x         May  it  please  the 

Q~(i        motion  to  dismiss 
^^~'i  '.     motion  granted 

^2x4      motion  denied 

motion  sustained 
mansl.  rghter 
Next  of  kin 


Y 
f 

/^      Grand  Jury 

o\i  A^Habeas  Corpus 
^"^-Pft__p  Heirs,  executors, 

cr^    In  this  Court 

/       Joint  Stock 
VL,  Company 

A_^  Judicial  Sale 

/  Justice  of  the 

^yj  peace 

\  Objection 

(y  sustained 

\v         objected  to  by  the 
/  defendant 

^  objected  to  hf  the 

V^  plaintiff 

^^   offered  in  evidence 

J— 1>      Plaintiff's  Counsel 

y^       Petit  Jury 
-  ^—    Of  this  Court 


For  this  Court 

General  terms 

Gentlemen  of  the 
jury 
Goods  and  Chat- 
tels 


administrators, 
and  assigns 
fn  this  action 


Plaintiff's 

testinior,\ 


Trust  fund 


150        Complete  Manual  of  Phonography 
Law  Phrases. 

$_        plaintiff's  witness 
\^^^~     Police  Court 

\yAj  Power  of  Attorne> 

C_^    Prisoner  at  the  Bar 
^ — '^"^  k^ait  Claim 

^,^       Real  Estate 

Rebutting 
^'^jL  testimon) 

J-  f>  ..Re-cross 

-^  examination 

y'ly'    Right  of  way 

y         Special  jury 

\        Special  license 

0^-^      Slate  whether  or 
ly^  not 

9sq  Summary  proceed 

\y^        Superior  Court 

V  ^      Surrogate's  Court 
^V..^^_  Supreme  Court 


Tax  deed 

ihat  this  action 

Testimony  of  the 
defendant 

Testimony  of  the 
plaintiff 

that  this  Court 


Sworn  and 

examined! 


Np^     Under.the  circum- 
U  stances  of  the 

case 
Verdict  for  the 

defendant 
Verdict  for  the 

plaintiff 

~7/  Verdict  of  the  jury 
\/o        Voluntfiry 

V^,^  conveyance 

^/O  Warrant  of 

t /  attorney 

f   A     0  Where  di  vou 
^^M  '  reside 

Q^       Where  is  your 
^^  NL^    place  of  business 

^  What  is  your 

^^  business 

C^  Will  and 

.  testament 

y^^^ln  "^Vrongful  posses- 

/    ^  sion 

^     With.ut  prejudice 


P  State  to  the  jury     \'^      ^'^'' ''"■ 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography.         151 
LEGAL  FORMS. 

ROBERT  JONES  ^ 

vs.  PETITION. 

SARAH  JONES.    J 

To  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State  of  Texas. 
The  petition  of  Sarah  Jones,  defendant  above 
named,  respectfully  shows: — 

I.  That  the  plaintiff,  Robert  Jones,  has  com- 
menced action  by  the  service  of  a  summons  and 
complaint  on  your  petitioner  to  obtain  judgment 
and  separation  between  him  and  the  petitioner, 
and  that  your  petitioner  has  answered,  denvnng 
all  the  material  allegations  in  said  complaint,  ex- 
cept the  allegation  as  to  the  marriage  between 
this  petitioner  and  the  said  plaintiff. 

II.  That  said  plaintiff  has  left  your  petitioner 
and  ceased  to  provide  for  her  support,  and  your 
petitioner  is  destitute  of  the  means  of  supporting 
herself,  pending  this  action,  or  carrying  on  her  ^ 
defense  thereto,  and  defraying  the  costs  and  ex- 
penses attending  the  same. 

III.  That  the  said  plaintiff  has  real  and  per- 
sonal property  to  a  large  amount,  and  amply  suf- 
ficient to  enable  him  to  advance  therefrom  to  the 
above  mentioned  purpose,  and  in  particular,  has 
money  in  bank,  and  owns  house  and  lot  on  Jack- 
son Street,  in  the  city  of  Paris,  worth,  over  and 
above  incumbrances,  the  sum  of  five  thousand 
dollars. 

WHEREFORE,  Your  petitioner  prays  that 
an  order  be  made  requuiring  said  plaintiff  to  pay 
her  a  reasonable  sum  for  her  support  and  main- 
tenance during  the  pendency  of  this  action,  and 


152        Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 

such  sums  as  may  be  necessary  to  enable  her  lo 
carry  on  her  defense  in  this  action  and  to  defray 
the  necessary  expenses  and  costs  thereof,  and 
such  other  and  further  order  as  may  be  just. 
(258  words.)  Sarah  Jones. 

Dated,  December  11,  1905. 

DEBTOR'S  PETITION. 

To  the  Honorable  Jesse  M.  Brown, 
Judge  of  the  District  Court  of  the  United  States. 

The  petition  of  H.  M.  Davis,  of  Springfield, 
in  the  County  of  Green,  and  District  and  State  of 
.Missouri,  engaged  in  the  wholesale  stove  business, 
respectfully  represents : — 

That  he  has  had  his  principal  place  of  business 
(or  has  had  his  domicile)  for  the  greater  portion 
of  six  months  immediately  preceding  the  filing 
of  this  petition  at  Springfield,  within  the  judicial 
district ;  that  he  owes  delDts  which  he  is  unable  to 
pay  in  full ;  that  he  is  willing  to  surrender  all  his 
property  for  the  benefit  of  his  creditors,  except 
such  as  is  exempt  by  law,  and  desires  to  obtain 
the  benefit  of  the  act  of  Congress  relating  to 
bankruptcy. 

That  the  schedule  hereto  annexed,  marked 
"A,"  and  verified  by  your  petitioner's  oath,  con- 
tains (as  far  as  it  is  possible  to  ascertain)  the 
names  and  places  of  residence  of  his  creditors, 
and  such  further  statements  concerning  said  debts 
as  are  required  by  the  provisions  of  said  act. 

That  the  schedule  hereto  annexed,  marked 
"B,"  and  verified  by  your  petitioner's  oath,  con- 
tains an  accurate  inventory  of  all  his  property. 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography.         153 

both  real  and  personal,  and  such  further  state- 
ments concerning  his  property  as  are  required  by 
the  provisions  of  said  act;  that  no  part  of  said 
debt  has  been  paid,  except  seventy-five  dollars 
($75),  June  I,  1904,  and  sixty-five  dollars  (565), 
March  i,  1905;  and  that  deponent  has  not,  nor 
has  any  person  to  his  order,  or  to  his  knowledge 
ot  belief,  for  his  use,  had  or  received  any  manner 
of  security  for  said  debts  whatsoever.  (290 
words.) 

Henry  M.  Davis,  Debtor. 

IvEGAIv  CORRESPONDENCE. 

(I) 
Mr.  Edward  King, 

Detroit,  Mich. 
Dear  Sir: — We  have  succeeded  in  getting  the 
Brown  vs.  Jones  case  postponed  for  a  hearing 
until  the  October  term.  It  is  marked  for  trial 
now  for  Tuesday,  October  7th,  at  which  time  we 
expect  it  will  be  reached.  We  wish  to  see  you  a 
few  days  before  that  time  for  conference  and  full 
preparation  for  the  case.  (56) 

Yours  respectfully, 

(2) 
Messrs.  Hunter  &  Co., 
Covington,  Ky. 
Gentlemen: — Your  esteemed  favor  of  the  31st 
ult.  is  at  hand.     We  will  immediately  place  the 
attachment,  by  trustee  process,  upon  the  funds 
in  Mr.  Brown's  hands  belonging  to  the  Shoe  Com- 
pany, and  also  attach  their  account  in  the  Na- 
tional Bank  of  that  city,  for  whatever  there  may 
be  in  it.     We  will  place  the  minimum  of  the  writ 


154        Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 

at   ^10,000,    as   we   think   this   will   cover   your 
claim,  and,  at  any  rate,  be  sufficient  to  cover  all 
you  would  realize  from  the  two  sources.  (87) 
Respectfully  yours, 

(3) 
Messrs.  Simpson  &  Co., 
Joplin,  Mo. 
Gentlemen  : — An  act  of  the  Legislature  of  this 
State  proVides,  in  substance,  that  it  is  unlawful 
for  a  person  or  persons  to  carry  on  business  under 
the  name  of  a  firm  or  corporation  that  does  not 
express    the   name  of   at  least  one   of  the   per- 
sons owning  or  carrying  on  the  same,  unless  a 
proper  certificate  be  filed.     This  law  is  but  little 
known,  and  the  results  of  non-compliance  are  so 
far-reaching  that  we!  have  taken  the  liberty  of 
notifying,  in  addition  to  our  regular  clients,  others 
similarly  situated.  (90) 

Very  respectfully. 

Mr.  J.  M.  Jones,  (4) 

St.  Joseph,  Mo. 
Dear  Sir: — -In  reference  to  the  above  claim, 
the  defendants  were  burned  out  February  2d. 
At  the  time  they  were  owing  heavily,  their  debts 
amounting  to  .?i 5,000.  A  wholesale  house  of 
Kansas  City  brought  suit  against  them  in  the 
United  States  Court.  What  stock  they  had 
saved  from  the  fire,  and  also  their  insurance,  was 
attached  by  the  plaintiff".  If  they  had  been  let 
alone,  they  would  have  been  able  to  pay  every- 
body ;  but  now  they  are  out  of  business,  and  their 
property  is  tied  up.  Your  claim  is  a  bad  one. 
However,  if  you  desire  judgment  taken,  please 
advise  us.   (no) 

Yours  trulv, 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography.         155 

(5) 
A.  B.  Morse  &  Co., 

Seattle,  Wash. 
Gentlemen: — Referring  to  your  suit  against 
James  Allen  for  possession  of  the  5th  and  Western 
Avenue  corner,  we  are  somewhat  perplexed  by 
the  fact  that,  at  the  time  you  purchased  the  prop- 
erty, Allen  was  in  actual  possession,  and  the  at- 
torney representing  him  claims  that  this  fact  was 
sufficient  to  put  you  on  your  guard,  and  was  a 
notice  to  you  that  he  held  possession  of  the  land 
by  some  title,  and  that  you  should  have  ascer- 
tained what  the  title  was  before  buying.  This 
seems  to  us  to  be  a  statement  of  correct  principles, 
and  one  which  you  will  have  difficulty  in  getting 
over,  (no) 

Truly  yours, 

Mr.  E.  F.  Smith,  (6) 

Buffalo,  N.  Y. 
Dear  Sir  :^The  first  of  the  Howe  &  Co.  gar- 
nishment case,  which  was  filed  for  trial  to-day, 
came  up,  and  after  a  short  examination  of  the 
witnesses,  the  jury  promptly  rendered  a  verdict  in 
our  favor.  I  am  rather  inclined  to  the  opinion 
that  the  balance  of  the  garnishments  will  be 
dropped,  for  the  reason  that  Brown,  who  is 
counsel  for  the  defendant,  I  feel  quite  confident, 
is  fully  satisfied  that  there  is  nothing  in  the  gar- 
nishment, and  that  the  claim  of  Howe  is  valid  and 
will  stick.  You  might,  in  a  few  days,  see  our 
friends  in  Buffalo,  and  see  how  they  feel  about 
going  any  further  with  the  matter;  because,  if 
they  insist  on  going  to  trial,  we  might  as  well  begin 
taking  testimony,  and  get  ready.  With  best 
wishes,  I  am,  (133) 

Truly  yours, 


156        Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 

(7) 
Mr.  D.  J.  Hunter, 
Bangor,  Me. 
Dear  Sir: — In  reference  to  claim  262,  yours  of 
the  2d  and  two  telegrams  received.     They  are 
for  prompt  action,  which  we  hope  is  in  time.     We 
have  to-day  exchanges  for  indemnifying  bonds. 
As  requested,  we  look  to  you  for  anything  further 
required  in  regard  to  the  character  of  the  par- 
ties.    We  think  this  to  be,  as  3'ou  say,  an  effort 
to    beat    the    plaintiff.     Should    any    summary 
measures  be  necessary,  you  will  not  hesitate   to 
push  it  with  the  utmost  vigor.     We  see  no    al- 
ternative but  a  vigorous  suit.     Please  report  to 
us  promptly.  (96) 

Yours  trulv, 

(8) 
Dear  Sir: — In  regard  to  your  claim  as  one  of 
the  heirs  of  Sarah  Bates,  deceased,  I  have  made 
careful  examination  into  the  matter,  and  would 
reply  to  your  inquiry  as  follows :  The  only  prop- 
erty owned  by  Sarah  Bates,  in  which  by  any  pos- 
sibility you  may  be  interested,  is  such  property 
as  was  bequeathed  to  Mr.  Jacob  Ryan,  in  trust 
for  testator's  brothers,  sisters,  and  descendants. 
According  to  the  letter  of  Mr.  Baker,  registrar, 
no  inventory  of  the  property  was  filed,  and  there 
can  be  no  one  who  can  state  from  his  memory  ex- 
actly what  such  property  was.  Mr.  Baker  be- 
lieves that  the  land  was  all  the  property.  If  this 
be  true,  the  question  of  value  is  easily  determined, 
by  the  price  for  it  at  the  time,  to-wit :  ^6,000. 
Supposing,  then,  for  the  sake  of  illustration,  that 
your  claim  was  for  56, 000  and  interest  since  1842, 
the  UL-xt  question  is.  How  may  that  claim  be  col- 
lected ?     It  is  impossible  to  pursue  t^ie  land  itself. 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography.         157 

even  if  you  could  find  it.  Twenty  years'  inverse 
possession  will  vest  an  indefeasible  title  in  what- 
ever that  land  may  now  stand.  The  personal 
estate  cannot  be  traced,  and  was  undoubtedly 
taken  by  the  executor.  Our  only  hope  of  re- 
covering anything  in  this  matter  is  to  bring  suit 
for  fraud  and  embezzlement  against  the  executor, 
McQuery;  but  McQuery  is  dead,  and  claims 
against  his  estate  for  torts  outlaw  in  ten  years, 
under  the  Canadian  law.  That  ten  years  has 
already  expired.  Consequently,  I  think  your 
claim  is  worthless.  I  assure  you  that  if  anything 
new  arises,  I  will  give  it  my  earnest  and  best  at- 
tention ;  but,  under  the  facts  as  they  are,  I  must 
respectfully  decline  to  give  any  more  time  to  the 
consideration  of  your  claim.  (300  words.) 
Respectfully  yours. 

SUGGESTIONS 

Regarding  Details  of  Actual  Court  Work, 

Which  should  be  carefully  observed  by  the 
student,  who  should  not  only  read  and  study 
them  from  a  standpoint  of  theory,  but  master 
them  in  minutest  detail  by  taking  the  testimony 
in  the  following  case  from  dictation,  and  making 
transcripts,  with  title-page,  caption,  and  index, 
until  it  can  be  done  accurately,  neatly,  and  quick- 
ly. Notes  should  be  indexed  so  that  anything 
in  them  can  be  found  readily.  Make  full  tran- 
script on  legal-length  paper  several  times,  and 
put  them  together  properly  with  fasteners,  ready 
for  delivery,  until  you  are  confident  that  you  can 
furnish  a  neat,  well-prepared,  and  satisfactory 
transcript. 

Note. — These  articles  may,  from  time  to  time,  be  dic- 
tated to  the  student  as  new  matter. 


158         Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 

Reporters'  Habits. 

Confidence  is  the  cornerstone  of  success  as  a 
ready  and  accurate  reader.  Some  persons  who 
are  really  competent  from  lack  of  confidence  un- 
derrate their  capabilities,  which  tends  to  unnerve 
and  confuse  them.  Such  persons  should  culti- 
vate the  feeling  that  they  are  as  proficient  as 
others,  and  believe  what  others  can  do  they  can 
do.  Steady  nerves  and  a  "cool  head"  are  the 
essentials,  and  depend  largely  on  habits. 

If  the  stenographer  is  called  upon  to  read  his 
notes  and  has  to  spend  much  time  in  "finding 
the  place,"  he  will  become  confused,  if  at  all  sen- 
sitive to  criticism.  Make  it  an  invariable  rule  to 
READ  EVERYTHING  YOU  WRITE. 

Finding  Testimony,  Indexing  Notes. 

Experience  has  shown  that  certain  expedients 
may  be  used  for  finding  any  given  portion  of  tes- 
timony, facilitating  the  ease  in  reading. 

The  note-book  should  have  marginal  lines 
about  three-fourths  of  an  inch  from  the  left-hand 
edge,  and  the  beginning  of  each  question  only 
should  be  written  to  the  left  of  that  line. 

A  simple  method  of  indexing  is  to  write  the 
name  of  each  witness  in  longhand,  as  follows: 
Turn  up  the  end  of  the  first  leaf  before  you,  about 
three  inches,  and  write  the  name  of  the  witness 
on  the  first  line  at  the  bottom  of  the  page  or 
under-side,  and  turn  it  back  as  it  was  at  first; 
then,  holding  the  leaf  down  with  the  left  hand, 
take  hold  of  the  right-hand  corner  of  the  leaf  and 
fold  over  to  the  left  until  the  bottom  of  the  leaf, 
on  which  is  written  the  name,  extends  about 
three-quarters  of  an  inch  past  the  left-hand  edge 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography.         159 

of  the  tablet,  with  the  edges  parallel.  Crease  it 
with  the  right  hand  and  turn  the  leaf  forward, 
and  begin  writing  the  testimony  on  the  next  page. 
Cross-examination,  re-direct  examination,  re- 
called, plaintiff  rests,  defendant  rests,  rebuttal  of 
plaintiff,  rebuttal  of  defendant,  and  everything  in 
the  testimony  that  can  be  indexed  should  be 
treated  in  the  same  way. 

If  called  upon  to  read,  ascertain  exactly  what 
is  wanted,  and  bring  the  leaves  of  the  note-book 
back,  and  your  index  will  be  in  front  of  you. 
Look  over  the  items  until  you  find  the  one  wanted, 
when  you  can  open  your  tablet  to  the  right  place. 

By  this  method  your  tablet  is  neatly  indexed 
when  you  are  through  with  it;  but  it  can  only  be 
written  on  one  side ;  otherwise  the  pages  must  be 
numbered  and  the  index  written  on  a  separate 
piece  of  paper.  This  same  method  may  be  used 
in  commercial  work  to  good  advantage,  and  the 
notes  filed  away  for  future  reference. 

Inserting  Opinions. 

_  The  stenographer  should  seldom  insert  his 
own  opinion  of  distance  or  measurements  in  the 
record  until  he  has  requested  witness,  court,  or 
counsel  to  state  it,  and,  if  necessary  to  do  so,  he 
should  insert  in  parentheses  the  distance  or 
measurement  indicated  by  the  witness;  but  if 
this  can  be  determined  with  approximate  ac- 
curacy, a  stoppage  should  not  be  caused  in  the 
proceedings.  Never  unnecessarily  interrupt  the 
proceeding;  but  bring  the  whole  legal  machinery 
to  a  complete  standstill  if  necessarv  to  make  the 
record  ABSOLUTELY  CORRECT^  Always  use 
parentheses  when  putting  in  your  own  opinion 
or  language  by  way  of  explanation. 


160        Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 

OujECTioNS,  Rulings,  and  Exceptions. 

There  is  nothing  in  the  reporter's  record  so 
important  to  the  appellant  as  the  careful  and 
proper  recording  of  objections,  rulings,  and  ex- 
ceptions. It  is  because  of  these  that  cases  are 
appealed  and  reviewed  by  superior  courts.  Ob- 
jections are  formal  and  must  be  fully  stated,  and, 
when  ruled  upon,  must  be  excepted  to. 

Forms  of  objections  are  variously  stated,  and 
much  depends  on  the  intelligence  of  the  report- 
er to  put  them  in  proper  form.  The  following 
is  a  common  manner  of  putting  an  objection : 
"Objected  to  as  irrelevant,  incompetent,  and 
immaterial." 

Having  made  a  general  objection,  the  counsel, 
during  the  argument,  may  urge  upon  the  court 
additional  grounds  of  objection,  and  may  or  may 
not  intimate  to  the  stenographer  that  he  desires 
the  same  added  to  the  objection  already  stated. 
In  either  case  the  objection  ought  to  appear,  be- 
cause the  court  may  sustain  it  on  those  grounds. 
The  stenographer  may,  where  objections  are 
general,  and  made  to  several  successive  questions, 
just  write,  "Objected  to  same  as  before,"  or 
"Same  objection."  The  decision  of  the  court  in 
passing  upon  an  objection  is  termed 

Thr  Ruling, 

and  is  generally  stated  as  follows:  "I  sustain 
(or  overrule)  the  objection,"  or  "Sustained,"  or 
"Overruled,"  or  "The  witness  may  answer,"  or 
"I  will  allow  the  question."  No  matter  in  what 
form  of  language  the  court  announces  his  ruling, 
if  the  witness  is  allowed  to  answer,  the  objection 
is  overruled,  and  if  not  allowed  to  answer,  the  ob- 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography.         161 

jection  is  sustained.  The  ruling  need  not  be  in  the 
precise  language  of  the  court,  but  the  stenogra- 
pher may  write,  "Objection  overruled,"  or  "Sus- 
tained," as  the  case-may  be.  If,  however,  the 
court  before  or  after  its  ruling  states  its  reasons 
therefor,  sometimes  termed  "holding  of  the 
court,"  they  should  be  reported  verbatim. 
Sometimes  propositions  are  stated  to  be  held  bv 
the  court .  in  informal  language,  which  should 
be  properly  worded  by  the  stenographer  in  his 
transcript. 

The  noting  of  exceptions,  while  merely  formal, 
in  fact,  must  be  stated  in  the  record  to  become 
available,  and  must  be  taken  at  the  time. 

The  following  is  a  common  form  of  stating  an 
exception:  "To  which  plaintiff  (or 'defendant) 
duly  excepted  at  the  time." 


Transcription. 

Transcribe  the  following  case  several  times  on 
full-length  legal  paper,  placing  Q.  at  o,  and  A. 
wherever  it  happens  to  come.  Make  the  para- 
graph proper  at  3  and  the  sub-paragraph  at  4. 

TESTIMONY  IN  THE  SHORT  CASE. 

In  the  Circuit  Court  of  the  County  of  Barton. 
St'ate  of  Missouri,  September  Term.  1905. 

Edward  and  Tillie  Short, "] 
By  their  friend,  George  | 

^^°^^'  [  SUIT  FOR  DAMAGE. 

\s.  I 

Kansas  Citv,  Fort  Scott  I 
&  Gulf  R.^R.  Co.  j 


162        Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 

Lamar,  Mo.,  Sept.  15,  1905. 

BE  IT  REMEMBERED,  That  on  the  15th  day 
of  September,  A.  D.  1905,  this  cause  coming 
on  to  be  heard  before  John  P.  Nelson,  Judge 
of  the  Circuit  Court  of  Barton  County,  and  a 
jury,  the  following  proceedings  were  had, 
to-wit : 

The  plaintififs,  to  sustain  the  issue  on  their  part, 
offered  evidence  as  follows : 

George  Short,  being  duly  sworn  and  examined  as 
as  a  witness  on  the  part  of  the  plaintiffs,  of- 
fered evidence  as  follows : 

DIRECT  EXAMINATION. 

By  Mr.  Evans 

Q.  How  old  are  you?     A.  Twenty-five  years  old. 

Q.  What  relation  are  you,  if  any,  to  the  plaintiffs, 

Edward    and    Tillie    Short?     A.  I    am    a 

"  'brother. 

Q.   How  old  is  your  brother,  Edward  Short?     A. 

f     He  is  seventeen  years  old. 
Q.  How  old  is  your  sister,  Tillie  Short?     A.  vShe 

is  thirteen  years  old. 
Q.  Who  is  the  next  older  than  Tillie? 

Objected  to  by  the  counsel  for  the  defendant 
as   irrelevant   and   incompetent.     Overruled. 
To  which  ruling  the  defendant,  by  its  counsel, 
then  and  there  duly  excepted  at  the  time. 
A.  Edward. 
Q.  Where  did  your  father  reside?     A.  A  mile 

southwest  of  Liberal. 
Q.  Do  you  know  whether  he  w-as  in  the  town  of 
Liberal  on  the  night  of  December  24th, 
last?    A.  Yes,  sir,  he  was  there. 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography.         163 

Q.  Do  you  know  whether  he  was  expecting  any 

one  to  arrive  on  the  train?     A.  Yes,  sir,  he 

was. 
Q.  Where  was  the  person  coming  from  that  he 

was  expecting?     A.  From  the  Territory. 
O.  How  many  railroads  are  there  in  the  town  of 

Liberal?     A.  Two. 
Q.  Did  your  father  know  which  road  he  was  in- 
tending to  come  on?     A.  I  can't  say. 
Q.  What  time  that  night  did  you  last  see  your 

father  alive,  and  where  was  he?     A.  Well, 

I  think  it  was  about  half  past  eight,  perhaps 

later. 
Q.  Did  you  make  any  search  for  him  after  that? 

A.  Yes,  sir,  I  did. 
Q.  About  what  time  did  you  make  the  search? 

A.  Why  it  was  just  about  ten  o'clock. 
Q.  Where  did  you  go  ?    A.  I  went  down  to  the 

crossing  and  to  the  stopping  post  west  of  it . 
Q.  Did  you  find  your  father  there?     A.  No,  sir. 
Q,  Do  you  know  whether  or  not  your  father  was 

drinking  somewhat  that  night?    A.  Why, 

I  suppose  he  was;  yes,  sir. 


CROSS-EXAMINATION. 

By  Mr.  Hamilton — 

Q.  Where  was  your  father  at  half  past  eight  that 
evening,  the  time  you  say  was  the  last  time 
you  saw  him?  A.  It  was  about  eight 
o'clock,  I  think.  He  was  going  north  up 
Main  Street. 

Q.  Was  he  with  anybody?  A.  No,  sir,  he  was 
alone. 

Q.  Did  you  notice  where  he  went?     A.  I  did  not ^ 


164         Complete  Manual  of  Photwgraphi/. 

Q.  You  didn't  go  beyond  the  stopping- post?  A. 
Yes,  sir,  we  went  20  or  30  feet  beyond  it,  so 
that  I  could  see  that  he  was  not  on  either 
side  of  the  track  there. 

RE-DIRECT  EXAMINATION. 

By  Mr.  Evans — 

Q.  Who  did  you  say  went  down  there  with  you? 

A.  My  cousin. 
Q.  The  one  that  came  in  on  the  train?     A.  Yes, 

sir. 
Q.  Why  did  you  and  your  cousin  go  down  to  look 
for  your  father?     A.  I  just  went  down:  I 
said:     "We'll  go  down  and   see  if  father 
knows  you.     He  thinks  you  are  coming  on 
the  train.     If  he  is  very  drunk,  he  will  look 
on  all  the  trains." 
Objected  to  by  counsel  for  the  defendant  as 
incompetent  and  immateria  . 
By  Mr.   Evans: — They  draw  out  the  fact  as  to 
what  he  went  there  for,  and  I  want  to  know 
why  he  went  there.     Overruled.     To  which 
ruling  the  defendant,  by  its  counsel,  then  and 
there  duly  excepted  at  the  time. 
O.  What  is  the  condition  of  the  railroad  track  on 
the  K.  C.  F.  S.  &  G.  Railroad  where  this 
stopping-post  west  of  the  crossing  is?     Ex- 
plain how"  the  road  lies  there ;  what  condi- 
tion it  is  in,  and  all  about  it.      A.   I  could 
not  state  what  condition  it  was  in  then;  I 
guess  it  is  in  a  very  good  condition. 

W.  E.  Kelly,  being  duly  sworn  and  examined  as  a 
witness  on  the  part  of  the  plaintiffs,  testified 
as  follows : 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography.         165 

DIRECT  EXAMINATION. 
By  Mr.  Evans — 

Q.  Where  do  you  reside?  A.  At  Fort  Scott, 
Kansas. 

Q.  What  is  your  business?  A.  lyocomotive  en- 
gineer. 

Q.  Where  do  you  run  now?  A.  I  am  running 
between  Kansas  City  and  Springfield. 

Q.  Did  you,  as  an  engineer,  have  control  of  an 
engine  pulling  freight  train  No.  49,  over 
this  road,  on  the  night  of  the  24th  of  Decem- 
ber last  ?     A .  Yes,  sir. 

Q  Do  you  remember,  Mr.  Kelly,  whether  or  not 
you  stopped  the  train  before  j^ou  passed 
over  the  railroad  crossing  at  Liberal?  A. 
Yes,  sir,  I  stopped  at  the  stopping-post. 

Q.  How  soon  did  you  start  your  train  after  you 
had  come  to  a  stop?  A.  Well,  right  away; 
my  recollection  is  that  I  started  right  up. 

CROSS-EXAMINATION. 
By  Mr.  Hamilton— 

Q.  I  understood  you  to  say  that  you  saw  a  pile 
of  ashes  somewhere,  in  front  of  you,  not  far 
from  the  stopping-post.      A.  Yes,  sir. 

Q.  What  were  you  doing  there  as  you  drew  your 
train  over  the  Missouri  Pacific  track?  A. 
Was  looking  up  the  M.  P.  track,  to  the  right 
and  left;  looking  out  for  my  train. 

Q.  I  will  ask  you  if  it  is  customary  to  clean  out 
ashes  at  that  place?  A.  Yes,  sir;  at  any 
time  or  place  where  we  can  stop. 


166        Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 

RE-DIRECT  EXAMINATION. 

By  Mr.  Evans — 

Q.  I  understand  you  to  say  that  this  object  was 
a  pile  of  ashes,  or  did  you  only  suppose  it 
to  be  one?     A.  I  supposed  it  to  be  one. 

Q.  I  understood  you  to  say  that  this  object  which 
you  supposed  to  be  a  pile  of  ashes,  when  you 
got  closer  you  supposed  it  to  be  a  garment  ? 
A.  Yes,  sir. 

RE-CROSS-EXAMINATION. 
By  Mr.  Hamilton— 
Q.  You  say  you  mistook  one  of  these  ash  piles  or 

spots  for  the  body  of  Short?     A.  Yes,  sir. 
Q.  How  near  were  you  before  you  discovered  the 
mistake?     A.  About  nine  or  ten  feet. 
The  plaintiffs  here  rested  their  case. 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography.         107 


Testimoay  in  the  Short  Case. 


y.  u  v.^^  )^  *>  V  S^  vy^M^^j  v^t 


^zx 


^^-^,^--^  o  -^^^  ly,     (^^^ 


Ltf-::)  \  tr-x  ^^-V^  X 


L^i 


^ 


7^ 


£-_ 


'^>^SC^V?X>-      ^    ^" 


4^ 


)1-^ 


y^ 


.y\:^ 


L. 


-\-^-c  1- 


^,^/^^^ 


>2r(  -  K  r-y^'^ 


k. 


x^ 


-),p  ^^n-^.v.  i</^-v. 


7" 


;V 


V^ 


^dZ 


>  u 


^^t-.^^W.^vV^--^ 


^^.     i      )v       /i--^^      ^^^^.    V 


y^ 


<--n 


Zi. 


°  -^^^  '\A..  \v    ^y^: 


1^\ 


^-V3 


^-^ 


<3 


i^^ 


1^ 


^ 


>^^-^ 


n     N 


°/^" — ^ — 


W.  O.K. 


168         Oornphte  Manual  of  PTionograpJiy. 


Testimony  in  the  Short  Case. 


1^  V 


u 


i_J^ 


\r^/\y^-\ 


Lii 


?r 


^- 


x/ 


IX 


4 


^  C  v^^V.. 


•L 


^f^ 


fv 


s-(-^ 


'^  <  vv' 


Vo 


\  < 


^ 


vc^-^ 


Vi 


\ 


(r\ 


_w 


X-o 


/^  '   (y-^'TZi 


^^ 


:j:i 


4 


.xt,  <  M^ 


z_L 


^)C  ll^^'Vo>^|l  ^A. 


>< 


Vw^^X 


<r>> 


^.-  >  xi  .^  ^ 


^ 


-c.-^ 


^<-"-^  ^ 


^ 


'^w^ 


K 


4 


\t^^->  S. 


^=V 


^ 


^ 


^ 


r^:..^  --  V 


V  Vj^    >-g,  >t 


:3^ 


^'^■^  ^  U.W 


.^-^ 


^ 


—7° 


.^.-^ 


£=. 


k^ 


"^^^Sly 


-^J-^,U- 


CnwpJrfr  ManiKil  of  PlmnograpJiy.  100 

A  SUKMUN. 

NO  PLACE  OF  REPENTANCE.— "I.ook 
diligently,  lest  there  be  any  profane  person,  as 
Esau,  who  for  one  morsel  of  meat  sold  his  birth- 
right. I'^or  ye  know  how  that  afterward,  when 
he  would  have  inherited  the  blessing,  he  was  re- 
jected; for  he  found  no  place  of  repentance, 
though  he  sought  it  carefully  with  tears." — 
Hebrews  xxii.  16-17. 

This  passage  recalls  to  our  minds  the  days  of 
Jacob  and  Esau.  One  day  Jacob  was  standing 
over  a  caldron  of  savory  pottage,  and  the  ap- 
petizing odor  filled  the  air.  At  that  moment 
who  should  come  in  but  Esau,  faint  with  the 
hunger  of  a  hunter,  and  the  sight  and  smell  were 
quite  enough  to  convince  him  that  Jacob's  prep- 
aration would  be  suitable  to  stay  his  cravings,  and 
he  asked  Jacob  for  some  of  it. 

Now,  Jacob  was  not  wholly  a  selfish  man,  but 
it  occurred  to  him  that  this  would  be  a  good  way 
of  winning  the  right  to  the  spiritual  leader  of  the 
clan.  He  made  the  proposal  to  Esau  to  ex- 
change the  mess  'of  pottage  for  the  birthright. 
Esau  accepted  the  proposal,  and  Jacob  gave  him 
bread  and  pottage,  and  he  did  eat  and  drink,  and 
went  his  way.  Now,  as  for  Esau,  we  can  never 
forget  the  words  of  the  Scripture:  "Look  dili- 
gently, lest  there  be  any  profane  person,  as  Esau 
who  for  one  morsel  of  meat  sold  his  birthright."' 
Yet  let  us,  in  c6ndemning  him  across  the  ages, 
look  close  at  home.  How  many  are  there  among 
ourselves,  born  into  this  .world  with  splendid  tal- 
ents, inheritances,  and  of  noble  names;  heirs  to 
vast  estates ;  gifted  with  name  and  fame,  and  with 
promises  of  usefulness, — who  yet  fling  away  all 


170         Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 


A  SerinoQ. 

^  I  ^  )  -C^^  •  — r3  ^  ^  On. 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography.         171 

these  possibilities  of  blessing  and  blessedness  for 
one  plunge  into  the  pool  of  selfish  and  sensual 
indulgence ! 

When  Esau  saw  that  God  had  taken  him  at 
his  word  and  had  taken  away  from  him  the  birth- 
right of  spiritual  primacy,  "He  cried  with  an 
exceeding  bitter  cry."  (Gen.  xxvii.  34.)  But 
that  cry  came  too  late  to  alter  the  consequences 
of  his  rash  act.  "He  found  no  place  of  repent- 
ance" (no  way  to  change  his  father's  decision), 
"though  he  sought  it  carefully  with  tears." 

"No  place  of  repentance!"  Oh!  how  many 
hearts  those  words  have  wrung  the  knell  of  hope. 
As  the  heart-broken  sinner  has  reviewed  a  blight- 
ed past  with  bitter  tears  and  cries ;  the  adversary 
of  souls  has  whispered  that  he  has  sinned  too 
deeply  for  repentance  and  wandered  too  far  to 
return;  and  he  has  backed  the  insinuation  with 
those  terrible  words:  "NO  PLACE  OF  RE- 
PENTANCE." 

And  is  it  so?  Is  it  possible  for  a  soul  on  this 
side  of  death  to  reach  a  position  where  tears, 
cries,  and  prayers  will  strike  against  the  brazen 
heavens  and  rebound  only  an  echo?  It  cannot 
be.  Is  it  possible  that  a  man  could  become 
too  callous  and  hard  to  desire  salvation?  This  is 
the  sin  unto  death ;  this  is  the  sin  that  hath  never 
forgiveness,  and  it  has  no  forgiveness  because  the 
sinner  does  not  desire  to  seek  it.  But  it  is  im- 
possible for  a  person  to  desire  to  repent  and  not 
find  a  ready  help  in  the  grace  of  the  Holy  Ghost. 
It  is  impossible  for  a  person  to  seek  forgiveness 
with  bitter  tears  and  not  obtain  it.  It  is  impos- 
sible for  a  person  to  knock  at  the  door  of  mercy 
and  not  find  it  open  at  last,  though  after  long 


172         Cnrtiplefe  Manual  of  Phnnnfjraphy. 


A  SeniiOD. 


\ 
\ 


^-0 


Xo''—  1  ^  ^°,  C,^  r~^  \rr.^ 

/ VI.D.K. 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography.         ITo 

delay.     "All  manner  of  sin  and  blasphemy  shall 
be  forgiven  unto  men." 

In  point  of  fact,  these  desires  and  tears  and 
prayers  are  blessed  symptoms  that  the  work  of 
grace  and  forgiveness  has  begun  within  the  soul. 
They  are  not  of  men,  or  of  the  will  of  the  flesh, 
but  of  God.  But  when  God  puts  His  hand  to  the 
plow  in  the  human  heart,  He  never  looks  back. 

But  the  repentance  mentioned  here  is  not  re- 
pentance to  salvation,  but  the  power  of  reverting 
the  past.  Esau  could  not  undo  what  he  had 
done.  He  had  long  despised  his  birthright. 
That  act  of  surrender  was  not  a  solitary  one,  but 
the  outcome  of  a  state  of  heart.  It  simply  re- 
vealed thoughts  that  had  long  been  admitted 
guests  in  the  inner  chamber  of  his  being.  But 
when  once  this  tempter  had  taken  effect  in  a 
definite  promise,  asseverated  by  an  oath,  God 
held  him  to  it ;  yes,  5s  ature  too ;  and  he  could  not 
alter  it  by  his  tears  or  bitter  cries. 

The  sinful  past  is  irrevocable.  Eve  might 
bitterly  regret  her  choice;  but  as  she  stood  with 
Adam  outside  the  cherub-guarded  gate,  with  the 
faded  rose  in  her  hand,  of  which  rabbis  tell  us, 
her  bitter  regrets  could  not  replace  the  apple  on 
the  tree,  or  reinstate  her  in  the  golden  bowers  of 
Paradise.  Peter  went  out  and  w^ept  bitterly,  but 
those  tears  of  uncontrollable  anguish  could  not 
recall  the  words  of  denial,  or  blot  out  from  his 
memory  that  look  of  pain.  The  virgins  might 
beat  their  breasts  in  bitter  self-reproach,  but  no 
complaints,  however  pitiable,  could  reverse  the 
decision  of  the  Bridegroom's  lips.  We  all  know 
this.  We  remember  bursts  of  passion  which  have 
broken  hearts  and  sundered  ties  of  love. 

In  the  Garden  of  Gethsemane  our  Lord  said 


174        Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 


A  Sermon. 


/^ 


'U 


^.^"1.,^/-^  ^ 


>!r:i:r7v 


c. 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography.         175 

scornfully  to  the  chosen  three:  "Sleep  on  now, 
and  take  your  rest."  But  He  instantly  added: 
"Arise,  let  us  be  going."  In  the  first  sentence 
He  taught  the  irrevocableness  of  the  past.  They 
might  as  well  sleep,  for  any  good  watching  would 
do  now. 

So  shall  it  ever  be.  He  will  not  mention 
the  past,  but  will  give  us  a  fair  showing  in 
the  decisions  of  the  future. 

—By  Dr.  F.  B.  Mybr. 

BUSINESS  AND  TECHNICAL  WORDS. 

In  compiling  the  following  list  of  words,  it  is 
the  aim  of  the  author  to  encompass  only  the  com- 
mon terminology  of  the  business  world,  omitting 
all  exceptional  words. 

The  only  true  foundation  for  a  student  to 
build  upon  is  a  thorough  mastery  of  the  simple 
and  ordinary  words  of  business  life,  leaving  time 
and  experience  to  gradually  develop  him  in  a 
knowledge  of  extraordinary  and  unusual  words. 

Many  of  the  most  common  words  in  every-day 
life  are  most  difficult  of  formation  in  shorthand 
and  present  the  most  awkward  outlines;  hence  a 
second  reason  for  introducing  so  many  short  and 
familiar  words.  The  student  will  find  the  short- 
hand outlines  of  such  words  of  incalculable  value 
to  him. 

The  student  is  advised  to  practice  each  outline 
carefull)^  until  he  can  write  it  readily  and  read  it 
at  sight,  without  the  slightest  hesitation.  We  do 
not  mean  by  this  that  he  should  commit  them  to 
memory,  but  for  mental  as  well  as  muscular  ex- 
ercise. If  you  learn  to  think  quick,  you  will  have 
no  trouble  in  writing  shorthand  rapidly,  for  the 
hand  will  always  keep  pace  with  the  brain. 


176         Complete  Manual  of  Phonograph/. 
Synopsis  of  Words  ix  General  Use. 


A 

\l)undant 
^_^~^  ahnonnal 
— ^^   accessory 
A       accc|)tal)lc 

'^    j       accredited 


accounlaiit 


~^., 


iccuracy 
iccuratelv 


C-j  acquaint 

\  acquiesce 

/  adjustment 

\p  aforesaid 

^_y\  agency 

<=*^  aggregate 

^  anticipate 

\jp  appliances  . 

V^^  assortment 

J  associate 

/  attorney 


^        Balustrade 
» ■  J  bargain 

\        battery 
\y{     barrel 

X_       beneru 

^—7     b.v|ueatli 
\^  billiard 

>         bitumen 

V— ^  blackboard 

\      ^ 

V_^    bonanza 

H         bondage 
\— -X>  bookkeeper 

)i .     broadcloth 

\^  bravery 
\— 7  brokerage 

^V^  bristle 
jf^    Brussels 

\^    bulletin 

\^_A  buoyancy 


C 
Cablegram 


^"^=—    calculate 
"    ^    candidate 

\^   canvasser 

^Y   carriage 

_y^-^  cashmere 

o-V       certify 
^-f"^    censured 

C_-y     challenge 
l^^     chargeable 
^  che\iot 

clearance 
V     collateral 


comparison 

competitor 

concern 

l^     continuous 

*^~L-.     criticise 

y^  customary 


Complete  Manual  of  Phomgraphy. 

VOCAHULARY. 


177 


E 
Eccentric 


P^      Decidedly  *— 

L— J     deduction  '^""^  enclosure 

U-     definitely  i^-^    encourage 

Uv^  demurrage  '^-^—  energetic 
k         depreciate  Ira    endowment 

l/\^  derivative  ^^-'^^    enormous 

U^  determine  "^  enunciate 

I director         ^-n/      embargo 

'J      Q    disburse 
J  V^  discovery 

(j— \     discrepit 

I  dispelled 

^^^^   diverted 


L         dividend 
L_,^  document 
^         drawee 

I        dray age 

I         dubious 

\^      duplicate 


embezzle 
Vy  equivalent 

^     '    erroneous 
J  estate 

^-^     evidently 
■--a-^^  exactness 
-  o  o    executive 
___,^^^exemplary 
' — ^      exhibit 

— r^^\  exorbitant 
\j     exposure 


tJ^     Facilitate 

^      fastidious 

X        favorable 
V^^^  felony 
\y^  filiation 

^-w  fiduciary 
Vy^/^fireplace 

^^«— -a   fixture 

^- 1  fluctuate 

V   f>  foreclose 
\y^  foreign 
Vn     forgery 

^^  forgetful 
K^y^^  fortnight 
v.^,_-  franchise 

I 

\-^      fulfilled 
v»,^jP  furnace 


frontier 
furniture 


178         Complete  Manual  of  Phonography, 


G 
Galvanize 


•^      gaseous 

^_^__^    generating 

</r>     generosity 
<=^T^  gradually 
^""^^  grantee 
^^     grantor 

[i  gratified 

*~l  gravity 

''    V  grievance 

y^  grocery 

j  guarantee' 

'"J      guardian 
— «»_P   guidance 

c-j— N  gladsome 

/       Georgia 
J         generous 
— '^   gamble 


-V"~'giyc 


Vocabulary. 

^    Habitual 
ytr~^  handsome 

\y^  hardware 

1        hazardous 
^     harass 

X  hereby 

V— ^  hereunto 
<j^     hesitate 
1       hitherto 
^   hoister 
^-'V'  horizontal 

' — Q     homestead 
aA^  hyphen 
/^^v— humbug 
i^  horror 

pjy    hydrogen 
^J      hotel 

\      Hebrew 
' — — 1  humanity 


"^■^     ^    Incorporate 
I  incorrect 

^     identify 
/i      illustrate 
'^^    imaginary 
'"'^"1  impunity 
'^-^~~)  inaccuracy 
^"*-^^~^  incurable 


^^^w  indefinite 
^  indicting 
"^"^    indorse 


industrial 


^  \i\  infallible 

{    integfrity 

^t^    insurable 

^"^-j  invitation 
^"^    inventory 

XP'    iuvoluntary 

N/v  invariably 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 
Vocabulary. 


179 


'  /  J 

(_^     January 


/  jeopardize 

?  ■■ 

/^  jointure 

/O  jealousy 


c 

c 

^/^     journalist      /^ 
/-tJ^  jealously 

A        judicial 
/.--''^  juryman 


,o 


K 
Kentucky 

kidnapper 
kindle 

kindly 

knavery 

kodak 


L 
Laborer 

landscape 
f"  x^j>  lavender 


n. 
-a 

ru 

»■ 

r-7 


L 
aziness 


egitimate 

eakage 

egacy 

egatee 

essee 
ibrarian 
limitation 
inoleum 

ineal 

iterature 
itigation 
London 
ocomotive 
ottery 

unatic 
uggage 


M 
Magistrate 


7 

^-3    mandamus 

C_^  medicine 
o- — ,^  meantime 
■^.      meditate 
^^..^  merchant 

CV-,/'  mercantile 

C^^^y  mercenary 
^,.,^/^<\Qmetropolis 

military 
millinery 


mimmum 


•^^^      misapply 
'^X      moreover 

cr^r~i  Mormon 
'    ^    mundane 
^»-<^  murderer 
c     V    murderous 
^~'\^     mutilate 


180        Complete 

M 

Y      Mutually     ' 

,^^/\^  multiply 

.  .  i mythical 

2^_   mystical 

N 
^-^^  New  Year 

negotiable 
negotiate 
neutral 
-.  negotiation 
vO     nicest 

'**''    \   nicotine 

*^-'''X>  nominal 
^^      noiseless 
y^  nonpareil 
'"Ty*  northern 
^_^    nourished 

v_fl^  nuisance 
N^_^^-jj  numerous 


Manual  of  Phonography. 

V<x:AIiUUARY. 

(I       Obedient  ^^  Pamphlet 

\_J1  obligation  V  pantaloons 

\     obviate  N  parallel 

-A    \-> 


patient 


a   occupancy 
_v^occurrence    V-     p^rquette 
^\J^  officially       \/~^    parquet 

x.^  oftener 
j(  onerous 
\/>»-'operating 

V""^  operator 

V^  opulence 

\^  ordinary 
\.^^organism 

y-     oscillate 

*— a  orchestra 
V^  overrule 


^p    oversight 
^^     overrun 
^y    ownershij 


\/^  partially 

v^U,  partition 

Q.^  partner 

\_^__^  pecuniary 

.  ^^  pedestal 

V_^  penalty 

tLf  pendant 

w^y  percentage 

V^'V*  peremptory 

\^  perforate 

\.,x^  perishable 

y  perjury 

|)        B^J  persuade 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 
Vocabulary. 


181 


\  / 

\r     Petit  jury 
VI  v^  petroleum 
*^^      phrase 
V^      physician 
V_     placard 
^        plentiful 

VO  policy 

\^^^  politeness 

C  political 

*'~-''n^  pneumatic 

^^  porcelain 

V->  preamble 

\>  precedent 

^V"^  precisely 

\  predict 

*\j^  preference 

'\  premium 

.  previously 

^\y\  priority 


^  Privilege 

X  process 

*\  producer 

\j^'\  prohibit 

>y — .  promptness 

W  pro  rata 

\/i  prosperity 

<\__  protect 

Vx  _  proviso 

V-g^  proximity 
ryv    I- 
Xj       private 

\j)     pronounce 

\j       profit 

\ir'  proficient 
\„j^  punctual 
Nw^    punctuate 
\/\.  purporting 

\/)    pursuant 
\.        purchaser 


C-/V  Qualify 
cyl  quality 

1  quantity 

li   quarantine 
^y.  quarter 
J      question 
^  queer 

t:— /''"^q  u  i  t  cla  i  m 
C — /    (|uoruni 

R 
y/'^"^  Ransom 

J^^   rascality 
^/^l     re-adjust 
^.x^^  realizing 
^^^     real  estate 
^A-<    reasonable 
/y      reassure 
y,^    rattling 

\ ratify 


IS2        Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 
Vocabulary. 


-^       receiptor 
/j     reconsider 
x'~V.^__rectify 

/  l_  redirect 

/  referee 

^  reference 

^  referring 

■U  register 

y\  regretting 

X^~0  regulation 

^\.  reliable 


remittance 


/\>»y  replevin 
y^\^  reprimand 


resources 


.y\^-  respondent 

'^L      retirement 

y^    re- written 
^y      rougher  , 


\o  Sacrifice  ' 
^~^  salary     i 

()  salesman 

V  sanitary 

(v^,  Saratoga 

\._y  sateen 


) 


sausage 

0 — D    scarcely 
J^  schedule 

V scientific 

^     \    secrecy 
^^^  secretary 
o — ^1  security 
a/     seizable 
^~f    sensitive 
\Jy  separation 
^1   serge 

y^  serial 
*^^^^  seriously 


S 
Sewer 


\^  sheriff 

r^  Shetland 
C^y^^  shilling 

y  shrewdly 

•^Y  shrinkage 

rw^  shrivel 

r     >  side  bar 
o— .^^_y  signature 

^^  vSilesia 

/W"  singeing 

I  situated 

M 

~^^  skillful 

d\i  slovenly 

^  slyest 

a  society 

6   j  soliciting 

^  specific 

V~a  specimen 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 

VoCABUIvARY. 


183 


T 
Tapestry 

l>    tariflf 


echnical 

elegram 

elegraph 

elephone 

emporary 

endency 

endemess 

erminate 

erritory 

estator 

estimony 

exture 
herefor 

horoughly 

olerable 

derate 

ownship 


K 


'/  T 

^   Transit 

J-^     transmit 
A         traveller 

h     treasurer 
"V-  trestle 
^        triplicate 
Tj      trustees 

|^_^    transient 
A         trifling 
U\  terrible 


h 


timidity 


''x^  tiresome 
\y^    turning 
y-^   tumbler 
[/7     turned 

l^  turf 
^^  twisting 
J/^  twice 
(!xf  twirl 


U 
Ultimatum 


\.^_fiy\  unassorted 
y^^-'  uncertain 

^^.  undeniable 

^^  undergone 

li  undivided 

^"^V.  unexpired  ' 

^V/'  unforeseen 

V    unfolding 
v.f^^  ungranted 

^^  unload 
'^'^    unmounted 

^       unreliable 
j2,    unshaken 
JX     unusual-ly 
\^^  upholster 

^  urgent 
^  ^  uneasy 
f^    usury 


184         Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 
Vocabulary. 


\    Vacancy 

^^     validity 
Vy^  valuable 

Vy'"*^  variance 


,^ 


vegetable 


^-^L-f  vendee 
V^  vender 

\y]    veracity 


verdict 


V/v  vibrating 

^>P^  vice  versa 

^«-v-^  vintage 

^j  vitality 

V  voidable 

^  volume 
yj'y^  voluntary 


W 
>"'     Warrant 

"}        whatsoever 
,C/ V,  vhereof 
^^       whiskey 
y^      wholesale 
C^      wiring 
i/^»^  iVisconsin 

^       withdraw 

Cj^    withhold 

^/v_^  witnesseth 

i-^^_D  wickedness 
(/^  wherever 
t/i     worsted 
"•-c*  wrangle 
y^^>->y  wrongful 
'^ll    wrongly 


C    W-a  Yachtman 
L—    yardstick 
V^    yearly 

^_y    yearning 
^"^^  yeoinan 
^^  yellowish 

V'-Nyard  arm 
o  •       yielding 

A:       Zebra 

y 

>^/    zeboo 
(»        zephyr 

v^_v    zemth 

/  zythum 


.zigzag 


Finis. 


Complete  Manual  of  Phonography.  185 


indp:x. 

(The  reference  is  to  the  paragraph,  except  where 
the  page  is  given.) 


Alphabet,  The  .  .  p  .  8 
Additional  sign  for  S 
and  Z  .  .  .  .  .p  .  23 
Aspirates, The  .  .p  .  55 
Business  letters .  .p  .110 
Business  phrases  and 
contractions  .  .p  .104 
Capital  letters.  ...  99 
Ch  and  Ray  rules  for 

writing 2 

Chapter     and     verse, 

how  to  indicate    .p  .100 
Choosing    matter    for 

dictation  .    .    .    .p  .    88 
Circle  S  at  the  end  of  a 
*  half-sized  letter     .    .    67 
Circles  and  loops  pre- 
fixed to  hooks    ...   40 
Con  &  Com  omission 

P  .    98 

Consonants,    straight, 

^ P  •    i'> 

Consonants,  curved 

p  .    13 

Contractions  .    .    .  p  .   69 
Derivative  words  .  p  .    90 
Dictation,  pp    96,98,   147 
Directions  to  the  stu- 
dent   p  . 

Diphthongs    .    .    .p  . 
D  o  u  bl  e  consonants 
Double  lengths  .    .    . 
Double  sized  S    .    .    . 
Duplicate    forms    for 
fr,  vr,  fl,  vl,  etc  .    .    .    __ 

Emphasis 99 

Figures p  .100 

Final  hook   and   final 

vowel 50 

F  or  V  hook  ....     49 


Gramalogues,    list    of 

P  •   91 

H    following    another 
consonant.    .    .   4th,  74 
Half  -  length  c  u  r  v  es 


. 

67 
50 

Halving  principle  .p  . 

Intersected  words. p  . 

'45 

Joined  consonants  .    . 

8 

Junctionof  half-length 

strokes      

71 

L  added  to  curves 

31 

Large  circle  medially 

and  finally    .... 

20 

Law  phrases  .    .    .  p  . 

.48 

Leaves  of  Note-book, 

indexing,  etc    .    .  p  . 

158 

Legal  letters  .    .    .  p  . 

153 

Long  and  Short  vow- 

els       p  . 

9 

Lt,  written  upward  . 

67 

N   added   to   straight 

and  curved  letters  . 

72 

Omission,    con,     com 

•    • P  • 

08 

Omissionof  "of  the"  . 

100 

Past  tense  ending  in  T 

or  D     ....... 

72 

Phraseography, 

advanced,  list  of   p  . 

136 

Position,     writing    in 

p  •  20, 

90 

Positive  and  negative 

words p  . 

97 

Practical  hints  to 

court  reporters  .  .  p  . 

158 

Prefix  con  and  com 

81 

Phrasing,  prin- 

ciples p 

76 

R  hook  added  to  Ing  . 

32 

186        Complete  Manual  of  Phonography. 
INDEX. 


R  and  L  hooks  pre- 

i^fixed    to    a    straight 
stroke 26,  27 

Resumd  of  the  Logo- 
grams     P  •   91 

Reporting       contrac- 
tions, list  of      .    .p  .  127 

Representation  of  fig- 
ures   p  .  1 00 

S  prefixed  to  hooked 
consonants  ....     40 

S  or  Z,  additional  sign 
for 17 

S  between  consonants  18 

St  and  Str  loops     .22,  23 

St  after  tion  hook  .    .     63 

St  and  Str  loops  com- 
bined with  N  hook  .      59 

S  added  to  St  and  Str 
loops  and   ses  circle  24 

SW  circle  prefixed  to 
the  pr  series.    ...     41 

Speed  practice  .    .  p  .     88 

Straight      consonants 
p  .    10 

Single  and  double  con- 
sonants   .    .    .    .p   .     8 


Stops,  etc  ....  7,  98 
Stroke  S  and  Z  when 

used p  .   28 

.Suffixes  ....  p  64-65 
T   and    D    added    by 

halving 60 

Tick  "the"  ....  15 
Time  required  to  learn 

Phonography  .  .p  .  7 
Tion     hook    after    a 

straight  letter  .    .    53-54 

after  T,D,  and  J    .    .    55 

after  two  vowels  .  57 
Tive  hook 58 

hook  used  medially     61 

Vocalization  of  the 
double-lengths     .    .      80 

Vowels  joined  initial- 
ly and  finally   ...      14^ 

Upward  and  down- 
ward R  and  L    .   p  •   35 

Vocalization 
and  phrasing    .    .p  .    22 

Vowels  between 
strokes 46 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 

Los  Angeles 

This  book  is  DUE  on  the  last  date  stamped  below. 


t96^ 


Form  L9-10m-3,'48(A7920)444 


DIVERSITY  ot  CALirUi^>u^ 
LOS  ANGEI-£S 


UC  SOUTHERN 


REGIONAL  LIBRJBVFAaLrn 


K7Uc 


■liK 


/*.  c 


TOAS 


